机密★启用前
江苏大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：基础英语
考生注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题及草稿纸上无效！
Part I Vocabulary (20%)
1. Abraham Lincoln was an excellent writer and was able to express his ideas lucidly.
a. clearly b. cleverly c. briefly d. vigorously
2. The dodder seed germinates in the ground, producing only a short root to anchor the stem.
a. rots b. rotates c. sprouts d. shrinks
3. Public elections are sometimes held to settle differences between antagonistic groups in a govern body.
a. quarrelling b. unyielding c. military d. partisan
4. Cobalt in infinitesimal amount is one of the metals essential to life.
a. prescribed b. minute c. limited d. restricted
5. The Apollo II astronauts were quarantined when they returned to Earth.
a. praised by the press b. interviewed on television
c. contaminated with lunar germs d. isolated for medical reasons
6. Many classical music lovers feel disoriented when they listen to modern atonal music.
a. disgusted b. disappointed c. lost d. enchanted
7. Because gymnasts exercise regularly, they have supple bodies.
a. aching b. humble c super d. limber
8. The bleaching of laundry by sunlight is at least partly a photochemical process.
a. airing b. drying c. whitening d. scrubbing
9. The amenities of civilization are left behind when an individual embarks on a camping trip in a remote area.
a. activities b. rules c. comforts d. signs
10. Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.
a. operation b. recovery c. casting d. relaxation
11. Horse riding embraces both the skill of handling a horse and the mastery of diverse riding styles.
a. fosters b. emphasizes c. exaggerates d. includes
12. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in discord and a lack of unity in style.
a. compromise b. disharmony c. disillusion d. anxiety
13. Diplomatic misunderstandings can often be traced back to blunders in translation.
a. mistakes b. attempts c. insults d. arguments
14. Many movies receive disparaging reviews from film experts and yet become extremely successful.
a. authoritative b. lengthy c. uninteresting d. negative
15. The space _______ in October 1957 when the first artificial satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.
a. initiated b. originated c. embarked d. commenced
16. The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _______ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.
a. decrease b. subtract c. minimize d. degrade
17. Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even ______ in the
a. gliding b. cruising c. piloting d. patrolling
18. In the past ten years skyscrapers have developed ______ in Chicago and New York.
a. homogeneously b. simultaneously c. spontaneously d. harmoniously
19. Even when textbooks are _________ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.
a. commonplace b. standardized c. competitive d. generalized
20. The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been _________.
a. identified b. guaranteed c. noticed d. conveyed
Part II Eliminating Unnecessary Words. (20%)
Example: If it is true, as it seems to be, that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry …
Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an interesting Italian professor of philosophy who teaches courses at University of Pisa in Italy. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten over the long years his special qualities. First of all, I was impressed from the beginning by his complete devotion to teaching his students. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and invariably clearly delivered, a great many students always swarmed into his classroom, filling the classroom to capacity. His many followers also appreciated the fact that he thoroughly believed in what he taught to students and that he was always intellectually stimulating to hear. Further more, he could be counted on in every class session to explain his ideas in an imaginative way, introducing such various aids to student understanding as oiling painting,
phonograph records, pieces of sculpture, and guest lectures who were invited to speak to the class. Once he even sang a song in class before the students’ eyes in order to illustrate a philosophical points. Second, I admired the fact that he would confer with students at almost any time outside of the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. Drinking coffee in the snack bar after having taught a class, he would easily make friends with students with great ease. Sometimes he would issue a challenge to a student to join with him in a game of chess. At other times, he would quite readily join groups of students to discuss subjects ranging broadly from astronomy to scuba diving. Many young people visited him at one time or another in his office for academic advice; others came to his home for the purpose of social evenings. Finally, I was favorably impressed and attracted by his lively wit. He believed that no class hour is a success unless, during it, the students and the professor have a reason to join together to share several chuckles and at least one loud laugh. Through his inimitable and captivating sense of humor, he made learning much more enjoyable and much more lasting.
Part III Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. (10%)
The threat comes from two main directions: from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries who are now in the middle of a massive ___1___ of their merchant navies, and carving their way into the international shipping ____2___ by severely undercutting Western shipping ___3___; and from the merchant fleet of the developing nations, who are ___4___ on taking over the lion’s __5__ of the trade between Europe and Africa, Asia and the Far East – __6__ in which Britain has a big stake.
Today, the British fleet no longer dominates the high seas: our share of the world’s merchant fleet has fallen from 40 per cent to around eight per cent. But, in terms of ___7___, the British merchant navy has __8__ expand. It can now carry ___9__ two-thirds more than it could in 1914, and, almost alone among our traditional industries, shipping has remained a major __10__ story.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (40%)
Section A (20%)
In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos-related deaths, the National Medical Research Council instituted a commission of enquiry to investigate the health hazards associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry.
After examining evidence submitted by medical researchers and representatives of building workers and management, the NMRC published a report which included guidelines for handling asbestos. The report confirmed the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestos fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible
for the development of asbestosis and related diseases. Taking into account evidence presented by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that, despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many years to come because of its versatility and cost effectiveness.
As a result, the council issued a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be employed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in a bonded form with materials such as cement, so that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during work in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective respiratory equipment and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaners.
The report isolated five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factor. In addition to the use of bonded forms of asbestos in preference to loose forms, dust formation was found to be limited where the asbestos was worked when wet rather than dry.
The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantities of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended.
A critical factor in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. Where work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By rigorously following these guidelines, it was claimed that exposure can be reduced to a reasonably practicable minimum.
The report stated that research carried out by the NMRC showed that the maximum safe level of exposure to blue asbestos was 0.1 fibers per milliliter in an eight-hour working day, whereas as much as 1.0 fibers per milliliter of amosite and chrysotile (white asbestos) could be inhales. If these levels are str5ictly adhered to, the report claimed that the onset of asbestosis in a normal working life should not develop.
Critics of the report pointed that insufficient longitudinal studies had been carried out to determine that the reports recommended maximum safety levels were acceptable.
If, as some as yet unconfirmed data suggest, even minimal exposure to asbestos may result in disease, then clearly the report should have stated that the employment of asbestos was unacceptable in any form.
The claim that “the onset of asbestosis in a normal working life should not develop if (exposure is maintained within maximum limits)” was cited by critics as evidence of insufficient assurance. Given the time lag which exists between exposure and the diagnosis of asbestos-related diseases, it was unlikely that disease would be diagnosed in a normal working lifetime irrespective of levels of exposure.
Despite these criticism, the recommended guidelines were incorporated into the working practice of the British Builders Federation. As a result, it is possible that workers who have been exposed to asbestos may continue to die of asbestos-induced tumors well into 21st century.
1. The report assumed that asbestos would continue to be employed in the building industry on the basis of evidence provided by
a. its versatility and cost effectiveness. b. building workers.
c. building management and economists. d. US and Canadian reports
2. In bonded form
a. no asbestos fibers are released. b. asbestos fibers may enter the air.
c. there is an increased likelihood that asbestos fibers enter the air.
d. asbestos can be bonded with cement.
3. Dust formation can be reduced by
a. the use of wetted, bonded forms of asbestos. b. inadequate ventilation.
c. the use of protective respiratory equipment. d. the vacuuming of clothing.
4. The report claimed that
a. higher levels of amosite and chrysotile can be safely inhales.
b. lower levels of amosite and chrysotile are dangerous.
c. white asbestos can be safely inhaled only in smaller quantities than blue asbestos.
d. there are no safe maximum levels of asbestos inhalation.
5. The statement that if “maximum exposure levels” are strictly adhered to the onset of asbestosis in a normal working life should not develop is
a. the opinion of the writer of the reading passage.
b. a claim made by the authors of NMRC report.
c. the assurance given by critics of the report.
d. a claim rejected by building workers.
Most students would agree that having to study a subject more than once is a waste of time, if the subject has already passed and is well understood. Fortunately, these credit for having passed a
subject at High School or at a Technical and Further Education (TAFE) College can often be transferred to another course of study to be taken at a different institution.
This has been made possible by a range of agreements between the NSW Board of Studies, TAFE NSW, and some universities; giving students the opportunity to gain credit for courses they have completed elsewhere. In effect, it means that students do not have to attend classes for subjects they have studies previously, nor do they have to be tested in those subjects.
Apart from taking up a student’s precious time, the studying of a subject in which the student has already proved his or her ability can have a negative impact on other students. There is, after all, a limit to number of places available in any course at tertiary level, and studying a subject twice take course places away from others.
Credit transfers can also work both ways. For instance, credit for subjects studied at TAFE after leaving school might count towards reducing the amount of time it takes to pass the Higher School Certificate (HSC) should a student wish to do so. In addition, it is now possible to study at TAFE and complete the HSC simultaneously, saving even more valuable time and money.
CREDIT TRANSFERS
HSC ←→ TAFE → UNIVERSITY
Credit transfers from HSC to TAFE courses allow many opportunities to diversify and apply one’s talents to the study of courses with similar background requirements. For example, studying Mathematics at 2, 3, or 4 unit level for the HSC can give a student credit in Associate Diploma courses at TAFE in fields as wide-ranging as Building, Computer Technology, and Civil Engineering. At present, more than 30 HSC subjects offer the opportunity to transfer credit to over 90 TAFE courses.
At a higher level of study, transfers of credit can presently be arranged from over 100 TAFE courses into nearly 700 university courses, and a student might be eligible for credit transfer in over a dozen or more associated courses – each leading towards a different qualification. To give only one example: the TAFE Associate Diploma in Architectural Drafting can provide credit towards a Bachelor of Science Degree, or a degree in Engineering, at a number of NSW universities.
It is very important to look carefully into the possibility of obtaining a credit transfer, if you wish to save yourself a lot of unnecessary study. By finding out about credit transfers form the student counselor at your school or college, you may be able to avoid studying a subject more than once and obtain your chosen qualification much sooner than you expect.
6. Studying a subject twice
a. wastes a student’s time. b. costs a student extra money.
c. takes a course place away form another student.
d. all of the above.
7. A student may receive credit in a TAFE Associate Diploma in Computer Technology, if he or she
a. enjoys using computers. b. enjoys studying mathematics.
c. studies Mathematics for the HSC. d. studies Building and Civil Engineering at the
same time.
8. There are currently over 30 HSC subjects in which credit
a. may be transferred to TAFE courses.
b. may be transferred to university students.
c. may be given to Mathematics students.
d. all of the above.
9. Studying at TAFE may give student the opportunity to
a. buy a credit transfer. b. gain credit towards a university course.
c. choose from nearly 700 courses. d. none of the above.
10. According to the reading passage, students can find out about credit transfers from
a. newspaper articles and magazines. b. the Students’ Council at university.
c. counselors at educational institutions. d. the NSW Board of Studies.
Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion – a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could learn: they cold not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among members of groups. Society’s economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.
In such a world, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotion structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an object’s physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us – hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use
Categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good” and others are “bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life – from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promise and which people our group will accept. In fact, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride, shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.
11. The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that ____.
a. they would not be able to tell the texture of objects
b. they would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to them
c. they would not be happy with a life without love
d. they would do things that hurt each other’s feelings
12. According to the passage, people’s learning activities are possible because they ______.
a. believe that emotions are fundamental for them to stay alive
b. benefit from providing help and support to one another
c. enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing
d. know what is vital to the progress of society
13. It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on ____.
a. the ability to make money b. the will to work for pleasure
c. the capacity to enjoy incentives d. the categorizations of our emotional experiences.
14. Emotions are significant for man’s survival and adaptation because _____.
a. they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of object
b. they are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained
c. they encourage people to perform dangerous achievement
d. they generate more love than hate among people
15. The emotional aspects of an object are important than its physical aspects in that they _____.
a. help society exploit its members for profit
b. encourage us to perform important tasks
c. help to perfect the legal and penal system
d. help us adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities
don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on female can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may less attractive.
16. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager ______.
a. a person’s property or debts do not matter much
b. a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualification
c. women should always dress fashionably
d. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded
17. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _________.
a. people do not realize the importance of looking one’s best
b. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
c. good-looking women aspire to managerial positions
d. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
18. Experiment by scientist have shown that when people evaluate individual on certain attributes ______.
a. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep
b. they do not usually act according to the views they support
c. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings
d. they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishment
19. “Good looks cut both ways for women” means that _____________.
a. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
b. good-looking women always get the best of everything
c. being attractive is not always an advantage for women
d. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
20. It can be inferred from the passage that in business world _______.
a. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are
b. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
c. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well
d. good looks are important for women as they are for men
Section B Read the following passage and answer the question that follows. (20%)
A kangaroo court of liberal-leaning journalists and Democratic state treasurers charged and convicted former New York Stock Exchange Chief Executive Officer Dick Grasso with an unpardonable sin — success.
This collection of class-envy warriors put such relentless pressure on the NYSE that Mr. Grasso was finally forced by his board to resign. Mr. Grasso, of course, was the man whose Herculean efforts were behind the reopening of the Stock Exchange only four business days after the September 11, 2001, terrorist bombing of Downtown New York.
But the so-called titans of finance who sit on the NYSE board were so assaulted by the media and political onslaught they actually sided against the man who inflicted the first major blow on Osama's terrorism.
There was no scandal here. Dick Grasso accepted a big pay package endorsed on two occasions by the NYSE board in return for 35 years of successful service. What is scandalous is that key Big Board officials — like Hank Paulson of Goldman Sachs, Philip Purcell of Morgan Stanley, and
William Harrison of JP Morgan Chase — succumbed to the pressure of newspaper headlines and abandoned Mr. Grasso.
Not only did Mr. Grasso start America's economic recovery immediately after September 11, he also saved the NYSE from a late-1990s assault by the Nasdaq. At the time, the technology stock market threatened to induce numerous Big Board companies to switch their listings, and at one point cautioned it might even take over the NYSE. But it was the diminutive son of Italian immigrants who defended NYSE floor brokers and retail investors from a new era of impersonal electronic trading. Some thanks he got: Many of these same floor brokers helped push Mr. Grasso over the edge.
Let's be very clear about this: Mr. Grasso has done nothing wrong. Nothing, that is, except believe his own board when they offered him a large pay package for his long-term service.
Mr. Grasso did not fraudulently cook the books, steal from the corporate cookie jar, lie to federal prosecutors, or engage in insider trading. He is no Worldcom Bernie Evers, Enron Kenneth Lay, or Tyco Dennis Kozlowski. In fact, a Grasso-led decision to embark on full compensation disclosure as a way of hastening corporate-governance reform put him in this pickle in the first place.
The announcement of a one-time payment of $140 million probably did in the former CEO. A longer-term smoothing out of his pay plan would have avoided the media killing field. But it was seldom reported that the payment covered 35 years of service, including pension, savings and other deferred incentives. Discounted properly, this sum comes to roughly $2 million a year over the entire three-decade period Mr. Grasso served — a modest amount by Wall Street standards.
The talented Mr. Grasso could have been lured away as CEO of another company. That's precisely why the NYSE board re-upped his pay package beginning in 1995 and extended his tenure through 2007. They were rewarding success and loyalty.
In recent years, techie CEOs like Lawrence Ellison of Oracle, John Chambers of Cisco, Scott McNealy of Sun Microsystems, and Irwin Jacobs of Qualcomm received billions of dollars in stock-option-based pay packages.
Mr. Grasso could have signed on with any of these companies, but he chose to stay with his long-time employer. For that, he was devoured by a wolf pack of anti-market journalists.
No one really knows what pay is proper for successful management skills. But the example of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange — where $1.5 billion in daily trading of interest-rate, currency, and stock market futures is directly comparable to the NYSE — shows Mr. Grasso's pay was in the right ballpark.
The Merc recently went public, and today it has $900 million of enterprise value with a market cap of $3.1 billion. Merc CEO Jim McNulty receives annual pay and benefits totaling about $1.5 million. But for his longer-term service he owns a one-time grant of stock options now valued at $66 million, according to a Merc spokesperson.
In a piece of bitter irony, NYSE board members talked Dick Grasso out of a Big Board public offering in 1999. But Mr. Grasso was right — only full privatization will enable the NYSE to resolve all of its pay, disclosure, regulatory and modernization issues.
Since Mr. Grasso resigned without cause, he will take all his compensation chips off the table. Perhaps he will retire. Maybe he will run another company. But the big lesson is this: Our free-market American system of entrepreneurial capitalism must never be Europeanized by punishing success or delinking effort from reward. We must never wage war against the smart investments or talented people that made our economy the most inventive and prosperous in all history.
Mr. Grasso was one of our successes. He earned his pay. For both his economic value and moral inspiration, he deserved a better fate.
QUESTION:
Is Mr. Grasso wronged? If so, by whom? Then how and why? Given your evidences and use your own words as much as possible.
Part V Translation (30%)
Section A Translation the following passage from English into Chinese. (15%)
Both Crosby and Presley were creations of the microphone. It made it possible for people with frail voices not only to be heard beyond the third row but also to caress millions. Crosby was among the first to understand that the microphone made it possible to sing to multitudes by singing to a single person in a small room.
Presley cuddled his microphone like a lover. With Crosby the microphone was usually concealed, but Presley brought it out on stage, detached it from its fitting, stroked it, pressed it to his mouth. It was a surrogate for his listener, and he made love to it unashamedly.
The difference between Presley and Crosby, however, reflected generational differences which spoke of changing values in American life. Crosby’s music was soothing; Presley’s was disturbing. It is too easy to be glib about this, to say that Crosby was singing to, first, Depression America and, then, to wartime America, and that his audiences had all the disturbance they could handle in their daily lives without buying more at the record shop and movie theater.
Section B Translate the following passage into English. (15%)
随着女儿越来越大，我发现她喜欢爸爸明显多于我。有好吃的，总要给爸爸留一份，我有没有吃她倒很少关心。每次出去玩照合影女儿都是与爸爸脸贴着脸，紧紧抱住爸爸，把我晾在一边。 以前如果有人问女儿：“爸爸好还是妈妈好？”女儿的回答一律是爸爸好。后来经过老公的调教，现在的回答是爸爸妈妈都好。去年九月份我们搬到新房，买了两棵室内植物，我们管它叫小树。我老公认为室内植物的光合作用对改善空气成份有很大作用，又买了一棵，我嫌多余，而且装树的瓷瓶看起来很土。第二天老公上班后，女儿告诉我：“妈妈，这树多漂亮啊！”小家伙居然会替爸爸说话。新房装修时因为老公没时间，就把我父母接过来，一段时间过后，母亲笑对我说：“闺女，你以后的日子也不好过啊！”原来老人家是担心以后我闺女会帮着爸爸“欺负”她闺女。
Part VI Writing (30%)
Those who take up careers on the stage are usually more popular and wealthier than either scientists or professors. Despite their popularity, don’t they experience some disadvantages? Write a composition of about 300 words on the following topic:
Are Pop Stars Happy?
Answer Sheet
Part I (20%)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
19. 20.
Part III (10%)
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10.
Part IV
Section A (20%)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
19. 20.
Section B (20%)
Part V
Section A (15%)
Section B (15%)
Part VI (30%)
