(一、系统安装)
nqBZp N^ zek\AQN ba%[! )"m FlS<I 前言
C@buewk .'lc[iI9)d GLwL'C'591 O!d^v9hM, 写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
tW|B\p} !#rZeDmw 本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
Xr:"8FT mZ/?uPIa 由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
6"|PJ_@P U@|{RP 本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
#Jy+:|jJ @IB8(TZ5I 试验环境如下:
B6 x5E <9"s&G@ 硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
\tyL`&) ,<R/x[ 软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
E-*udQ l2gI2Cioa web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
JGn@)!$+/ *B#OLx ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
T(a*d7 >Eik>dQ a mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
:lgIu . h6)hZ'zV proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
^[&*B#( ksu:RJ- 视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
Vn];vN mrFMdpaHl% 网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
mTZlrkT >8t(qM-~: x[WT) U=Z@Ipu5T 第一步:安装系统
g|)e3q{M WVy"MD 关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
rvw1'y "
8;D^ 1、 采用最小化安装。
CrS[FM= +W bTO$B2eh| 2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
@{+*ea7M(` wKk 3、 添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,并输入ylf用户名和密码登录ftp将需要的文件上传到自己的用户目录里。(192.168.0.1是我的服务器连接内网的网卡ip地址)。以下除系统安装部分,我都是采用终端方式操作。
_qE2r^o"B b.YQN' 4、 分区时将/home、/usr和/var划的大一些,因为/usr为程序目录,/var要存放日志,/home是用户主目录,我的用户文件如网页、ftp上传文件等都放在这里。还有最好保留一部分空间留作以后需要的时候用。我的机器上有2块硬盘,一快18.2G SCSI硬盘,一块40G IDE硬盘。我是这样划分的。
h2=zvD; q69a-5q 128M /
G <Lm} 2q2w o&uK 20G /home
KC }B\~ + `+"QhQ4w 2G /ftp
-[^wYr= Kh$L~4l 256M /tmp
%*eZoLDg] $PrzJc 6G /usr
#GWQ]r? I62Yg
p$K 5G /var
;R2(Gb lFc3 5 其中/ftp是为匿名ftp用户访问专用。剩余空间留作备用。当然如果硬盘空间少的话,做我们的试验也是够用的。
m#8}!u& <U1uuOt 关于安装方面的文章,大家也可以参考delphij写的《FreeBSD服务器的安装与优化》。
http://community.freebsdchina.org/catalog.php?forum=34 一文。
S G43} uVp R^
安装完系统后,要重新编译内核。目的是要系统支持Firrwall和提高运行效率。
s-8>AW
ep XZKOBq B] 首先确认系统是否安装了FreeBSD的内核支持。如果是最小安装,则需要运行/stand/sysinstall命令安装内核支持。方法如下:
0&5}[9?V' 5O*+5n
# /stand/sysinstall
vP,WV9Q1u ZO}V}3 选Configure—Distributions—src—sys,内核文件将被安装在/usr/src/sys目录中。
WZFV8' !knYD}Rxd 注意:这之后的过程在终端上操作要方便许多。SecureCRT支持在终端界面上直接拷贝和粘贴文本内容。
Ef?_d] f5sk,Z 转到内核文件目录
Nc;7KMOIA Aq";z.gi+ # cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
JVXBm] .(`u'G= 编辑内核文件
iqOd]H]v CdEJ/G: # vi kernel_wwwx # kernel_wwwx为我的内核文件名
]?<uf40Mm {ifYr(|p` 我的内核文件如下:
x&;{4F Nw 7J 0!vq #
^8fO3<Jg +'lfW{E1t # GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
$
Q2|{* T1e}WJbFE #
v$,9l+p/ o9Agx{'oV # For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
X59~)rH, 43P?f+IYrk # Kernel Configuration Files:
E%40u.0 7H./o Vl #
4!E6|N%f lYJ]W[! #
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.IS...fig-config.html ggbew6L$Z mNuv>GAb #
"lUw{3 fx=aT # The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
.}z&$:U9[ .Mm8\]. # if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
.@xwl}o$OL thUs%F.5? # FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the
Uu3[Cf=C r,0> 40^ # latest information.
o&X!75^G> }rOO[,?Y #
:~`E@`/ rK"$@tc # An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
{mI95g& OyTBgS G?a # device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
?hmj0i;XC e;[/ytz"d' # in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
J *^|ojX }Z%*gfp #
[}+
MZ {?#g*QF|^ # $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
L,\ Yj (R Ttz ;m7$U ^
zo"~1 machine i386
MiS$Y .D>%- cpu I586_CPU
!U*i13 hOw7"'# ! cpu I686_CPU
2<|+h=
& N}zQ)]xz+r ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
qhiQ!fMQ 1<ZvHv maxusers 0
~`
#t?1SP J/ <[irC <Gs)~T#' UB(Q &U_ options INET #InterNETworking
oIX]9~ :DQHb"( options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
WG(tt. KxK$Y.y] options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
uFG]8pj2V1 k>U&Us0 options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
Bd)Qz(>rw h6la+l?x options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
)2u=U9 s+o/:rrxY options PROCFS #Process filesystem
D.U)R7( ZuILDevMD options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
El]Rrku gb8nST$r options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
3`Y MQw{^6Z>1 options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
{i`BDOaL ;R 'OdQ$o options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
~vBmW_j M|6
W<y options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
D_(xhM mgh,)=2cE( options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
= w_y<V4 }4 5| options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
(/tbe@< rh?!f(_@ options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
Y)g<> }F L:%;
Fx2 options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
"JKrbgN@;L eHm! # output. Adds ~128k to driver.
HE7JQP!q _
B",? } options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
e*Sv}4e=. 3RZP 12x # output. Adds ~215k to driver.
f[!N]* qun#z$ l7
j3;Ly k2_ " device tun 1
Uw)?u$+
P &5)Kg%r options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
9{^:+r _t'Kj\ options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
Etg'"d@[ CJ%bBL'. options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
w%GEOIj} ,AhQA options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
v%VCFJ ,H'O`oV!1E options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
My&h{Qk r>eOq[z options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
{ckA gmJiKuAL5 Xd!=1:: #(?EL@5 # To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
%($sj|_l .fk!~8b[Q+ #options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
6(f[<V!r l[fU0;A #options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
.-k\Q}D wwF]+w%lOw wv #1s3 5Y"JRWC device isa
#6[FGM _8)9I?jH device eisa
_S7GkpoK t
\kI( G device pci
ff**) Xdh 4(B{-cK NmthvKhH 8sOM%y9M M\BLuD 3(Kj|u # ATA and ATAPI devices
*`>(K& o}mD1q0yE device ata
)f>s\T U{gJn#e/. device atadisk # ATA disk drives
Af pB=3 }rz}>((ZHF lwIU|T<4 `PnB<rf:*1 ):E4qlB 8
C @iD% # SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
,~`R{,N` '9>z4G*Td device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
GxL5yeN@( JeU|e$I4> device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
;>{BK, x>m_ v device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
W]{mEB %,Xs[[?i device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
Zmw'.hL -bdF= device isp # Qlogic family
`ySLic` Rb\M63q device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
l 3bo T},Nqt< device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
xG@zy4 @6w\q?.s device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
N|Mzj|i. a^t#kdT options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
Z%Q[W}iD ,{MA90! # Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
V\r!H>
i9+(gX(t # both sym and ncr are configured
A
q;]al ]p~w`_3v ,r!_4|\ |pqc(B u device adv0 at isa?
c,-3+b }w^Hm3Y^& device adw
YYwFjA@ U<QO@5 device bt0 at isa?
LK5,GWF; b"n0Yk1 device aha0 at isa?
*o <S{ |Y?1rLC device aic0 at isa?
Q]wM WV &g%9$*gmT Ry9kGdqO l0N~mes device ncv # NCR 53C500
] }XsP q9 !)YP+w device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
}wZ9#Ll 9cQZ`Ex device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
[vCZoG8+> Q'D%?Vg' foO/Yc W
u?A} fH # SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
KCEBJ{jM eU/o I} A device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
=UY)U- +P YX. device da # Direct Access (disks)
RN2^=$'. tbMf_-g device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
zl8O @g I|&<!{Rq device cd # CD
uW4)DT9[5 kF{'?R5w device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
^\o 3V< :De@_m |7XPu [{R^!Az&b< Ss>ez8q B<^yT@Wc +r8:t5:/I $wnK"k%G # atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
aYy+iP'$ ldFK3+V device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
zoh%^8?o K9z 1'k QH device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
MK1V1F` YCMXF#1 [2~^~K r1pj-
device vga0 at isa?
0Wd2Z-I st4WjX_Q 10gh4,z[ '.{tE* GvB;o^Wd 4fR}+[~2 # syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
%?sPKOh3N} W{@,DQ device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
GMv.G 0gevn ScCp88KpFI iNO}</7? )G+D6s23 _n~[wb5J # Floating point support - do not disable.
fo$s9g^< uge~*S device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
ByU&fx2Z u-/5&Endb Vb57B.I Jc=~BT_G v?@=WG |a|##/ # Serial (COM) ports
;t xW\iy%Z j9sLR device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
S%6 V(L| F'^y?UP[ 6Zx'$F.iqK O>c2*9PM # 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
hpBn_ 8ioxb`U # 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
v(GT+i)| Ly_.%f # 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
3?x}48 JY0}#FtgV # PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
m1#,B<6 4_KRH1 # NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
d%lwg~@&|5 6DxT(VU} device miibus # MII bus support
/4Sul*{hc _08y; _S device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
s $?u'}G3 Y{`hRz` device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
@"vTz8oY@ oFDJwOJ'Bj device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
'iikcf*)C KrqO7 device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
QG]*v=Z ,0^9VWZV E>L_$J -A- _n12Wx{ # Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
lfe^_`ij(+ $E35W=~) pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
$[HpY)MSRw x67,3CLy? pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
M^?=!!US^ VK/i5yT5N pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
V?C_PMa Jo9!:2? pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
nTH!_S>b(Y idGhWV' pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
a4D4*=!G0 fS- 31<? pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
zmpQ=%/H F/chE c
V pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
ba"a!#wA t.]c44RY pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
-"X}
)N2 ^J7g)j3 pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
*l\vqgv.Z u9^R
?y }hX"A!0 "Qxn}$6- # The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
A}Gj;vaw {1j[RE # Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
"G m:M ?.&?4*u pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
wfc[B;K\ D:Y`{ { (完)
OJ\rT.{ BlvNBB1^ j[o5fr)L J"dp?i 我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
c&T14!lfn w_
po47S4 接下来编译安装新内核:
kg_f;uk+ _*w}"\4_ # /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
5"JnJH 07dUBoq # cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
D3emO'`gQ K-}'Fiq # make depend
@tLoU% lC|{{?m # make
N#`aVW'{v2 7" wn024 # make install
YMx
zj $PQlaivA 重新启动(reboot)
!u#o"e<qh fV.43E }PY?
ZG Gr;~P* 如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
"Rp ]2'? :6z0Ep" # cd /usr/src
:l>T~&/98 XabrX|B# # make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
5W!E.fz*T nWK"i\2#G 重新启动
::vw1Es ^~5tntb. Sg<''pUh FJ}QKDQW= FreeBSD网站平台建设全过程(二、接入Internet并配制代理服务)
K (plzQ3 S@7A) /d >fp
?#kI9n<O 使用adsl接入Internet有两种情况,通过拨号获取动态ip或服务商直接给定静态ip。后者配制起来较容易。本文先讨论动态ip如何设置。
r DY q]` @ec QVk 由于第一步重新编译内核时已经加进了对Firewall的支持。这里就可以通过直接编辑/etc/ppp/ppp.conf文件和/etc/rc.conf文件就可以上网并支持NAT方式透明代理了。
N_VAdNJ^: A}\Rms2 # vi /etc/ppp/ppp.conf
\FTvN wrn[q{dX 我的ppp.conf文件内容如下:(注意set前要留空格)
"eQ9 6^'J [-$&pB>w8' default:
}M| eOn,`B1 set log Phase tun command
<$D)uY K o D*
' set ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0
&,&+/Sr11 @-b}iP<T adsl: # 配置代号
?EX'j
> ^s5.jlZr@ set device PPPoE:vr0 # vr0 改成你连接ADSL modem的网卡名
Y+?bo9CES! Vn/6D[}Tu set mru 1492
TTE#7\K~B *=/XlSWF set mtu 1492
(Z,,H1L ;v0sM*x%V set authname username # username是拨号用户名
^m1Rw| !)9zH set authkey password # password是拨号密码
%okEN!= ,+X8?9v set dial
|ntJ+ CYrL|{M] set login
`z=MI66Nl +u=xBhZ add default HISADDR
iuHG9 #n +Zr03B (完)
"Z{^i3gN +bO{UC[ k2@IJ~ K0E;4r # vi /etc/rc.conf
kv5Qxj} ~b7Nzzfo 我的rc.conf文件内容如下:(动态ip)
]Pd*w`R .Nf*Yqs0 # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
p~mB;pZ%; TRq~n7Y7C # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
*"4<&F
S x9ws@=[: # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
]t=># hW},% # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
/d=$,q1 JIQzP?+? # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
4Ek<
5s[ -12v/an]L7 hostname="wwwx.3322.org" # 你的主机域名
g/@C ESfm' PT4`1Oy}/1 ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内网网卡ip地址,fxp0是网卡名
]S[r$<r$ lxd<^R3i#^ inetd_enable="YES" # 开机加载inetd
+\ySx^vi 5cADC`q kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
@3@%9E Q d./G5CC linux_enable="YES"
q38; w~H s_[?(Ip{ nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
4Klfnki 96.Wfx sendmail_enable="NO"
qa~[fORO[ '!I?C/49k sshd_enable="YES"
w-"&;klV ,*4"d._Y usbd_enable="NO"
+{I\r| QD<4(@c5| gateway_enable="YES"
@CmxH(-i- qcot
T\rq firewall_enable="YES" #启用防火墙
ah92<'ix zaZ}:N/w(z firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
n`,Q: Rv-o__C! firewall_type="open"
q{hq. KZ $VA4% 9 firewall_quiet="YES"
~c^-DAgB R}>Do=hAO firewall_logging_enable="YES"
ie!4z34 3EvA 5K. ppp_enable="YES" # 开机自动拨号
@_Zx'mTI yFt7fdl2 ppp_mode="ddial"
D$cMPFa2Nt rd))H ppp_nat="YES" # 启用透明代理
[}2.CM mSfhl(<L ppp_profile="adsl" # 配置代号
ECScx02 1Q5<6*QL" # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
mz*z1`\7v\ J[H?nX9 (完)
.F2nF8 .6NSt lt4jnV2"a ^wa9zs2s;/ 这样重新启动后就可以拨号上网并实现透明代理了。客户端需要设置dns服务器为服务商提供的dns,网关设成代理服务器的内网卡ip地址,这里是192.168.0.1。并把IE中“internet选项”关于连接设置的所有复选框清除。
,NEs{!
T i =N\[& 如果解析不了域名,检查一下/etc/resolv.conf文件是否加入了正确的dns服务器地址。
(NdgF+'= SN(=e#ljE ^-u HdafP iyYY)roB 如果是静态ip方式,则只需要编辑/etc/rc.conf文件。
V(u2{4gZ Y:%)cUxA 我的/etc/rc.conf文件如下:(静态ip)
CLEG'bZa, 49oW 'j # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
#2jn4> Hi_Al,j: # Created: Tue Jul 15 21:20:28 1997
wLSZL jF{gDK # Enable network daemons for user convenience.
6 ]PM!6 Nf 'dT;s.N # Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
Y@H,Lk `u~ # This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
!X%!7wsc =6<w'> hostname="wwwx.3322.org" #主机域名
&8+6!TN7 -`dxx)x defaultrouter="218.10.104.1" #服务商提供的路由器地址
3>9 dJx4I (1SO;8k\ ifconfig_vr0="inet 218.10.104.188 netmask 255.255.255.0" #服务商提供的静态ip
5**5b9bj-9 fsJTwSI[" ifconfig_fxp0="inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" #内部网卡ip
[gkRXP[DGs h0GdFWN inetd_enable="YES" #开机加载inetd
z]l-?>Zbg o\ow{gh9 kern_securelevel_enable="NO"
+%}5{lu_e EB2^]? linux_enable="YES"
3TiXYH .l( r8qY# nfs_reserved_port_only="NO"
K~Au?\{
0|s$vqc sshd_enable="YES"
QE#-A@c x-V' 0-#U> sendmail_enable="NO"
jO&f*rxN I6hhU;)C usbd_enable="NO"
L\:YbS~] U.pr} hq gateway_enable="YES"
2>MP:yY;K bm tJU3Rm firewall_enable="YES"
j |'#5H` +A'q#~yILa firewall_script="/etc/rc.firewall"
>|_gT%]5 -Ty<9(~S firewall_type="open"
uF]D U|
41u4)D firewall_quiet="YES"
0l(E!d8&' U=c5zrs firewall_logging_enable="YES"
SA`J.4yn 7dufY
} } natd_enable="YES" # 启用透明代理
[]=FZ`4 cy& natd_interface="vr0" # natd接口,vr0为连接外网modem的网卡
f0cYvL] ]s*[Lib # -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Wed Jul 16 06:52:13 1997
de=5=>P7 g/U$!d_ (完)
iJCY /*C} ubzb I*+LJy;j (sV]UGrZ 重起后网络连接及透明代理生效。客户端同样要按上面说的方法配制。
.fLiX x F,L82N6\U xI`Uk8- 8 -+
]T77r 使用Squid:
=9DhO7I' nxn[ ~~ Squid是一个非常不错的代理缓存软件。我曾经一直在使用,后来因为我经常要改变web服务器里的网页,而Squid总是把我以前的页面缓存,致使不能马上反映页面的更新情况,再加上公司上网的负担不是很重。所以就不用了。
Q8;x9o@p 'uP'P# 安装方法:
DGa#d_I L;.VEz! 在FreeBSD下安装软件最方便的方法是使用ports。本文为了让大家对通用的软件安装方法做一定的了解,我们采用通用的方法来安装squid,也就是说,下面的方法同样适用于linux或其他unix版本。
|aI|yq) XI%RneuDr: 36kc4= (!3Yc:~RE 在ylf的用户目录下创建目录app用来存放程序安装临时文件:
`G"|MM>P lgCHGv2@ # mkdir /home/ylf/app
hb /8Q ;_?zB NW 将用户ylf设为/home/ylf/app目录及其子目录的所有者
dp"<KcP_ ;-3h ~k # chown –R ylf /home/ylf/app
M(;y~|e K:>NGGY8r 到
http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v2/2.5/ 下载squid 的最新稳定版本,现在是squid-2.5.STABLE3
}
D/+< ALE808;| 打开IE浏览器,在地址栏输入
ftp://192.168.0.1 ,出现ftp登陆对话框,输入用户名ylf及密码,登录成功后。将下载的squid-2.5.STABLE3复制到app目录中。
aNOAu/ t/v@vJ`vSH 执行如下命令:
=,&u_>Dp FSW3' # cd /home/ylf/app
SKB@ 07$/]eO%C # tar zxvf squid-2.5.STABLE3.tar.gz #解压缩安装包
k9*J*7l-m ?Ia4H # cd squid-2.5.STABLE3 #进入解开的目录
g6rv`I$l HO266M # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/squid #配制、将squid安装在/usr/local/squid目录
L]c 8d lSZ"y
Q+ # make all #编译
#@nZ4=/z EHH|4;P6 # make install #安装
q1N4X7<_ =1gDjF9| 下面编辑squid的配置文件:
3mpP|b" R19'|TJ # cd /usr/local/squid/etc
#Y;.>mF /'-:=0a 将原来的配置文件改名
)vO_sIbnW tH-gaDj_ # mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak
-6uH. -0A@38, } 编辑新的配置文件
6tOP}X bq:wEMM4s # vi squid.conf
5/Ydv
RB67 x2sN\tOh^ 我的squid.conf内容如下:
08`f7[JQo] G!AICcP^ Zkw J.SuU b OW}" #取消对代理阵列的支持
,yTN$K%M w+Ad$4Pf" icp_port 0
DG_}9M!DW@ wG_4$kyj EJO.'vQ Y3D3.T6Q #对日志文件和pid文件位置进行设置
ymHKcQ rU],J!LF cache_store_log none
uRP
Ff77 N0]z/}hd@ cache_access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/access.log
&q.)2o#Q. yU> T8oFh cache_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
sc<kiL `$H7KI G emulate_httpd_log on
C2NzP & FD ldP3n:7FS pid_filename /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.pid
:g&>D#{ bG52s HP#ki !' xOhRTxic #设置运行时的用户和组权限
"@(58nk <Uf|PFVj$ cache_effective_user squid
?%93b ,7 D^N[=q99&e cache_effective_group squid
=<Hy"4+?. vXc!Zg~ av$ ) 9xX #设置管理信息
/GyEV Cc D$ ej+s7 visible_hostname wwwx.3322.org.
_<XgC\4O| B+|IZoR cache_mgr
yourname@yourdomain.com ^+EMZFjg( -E:(w<]; @$Yb#$/ f:S}h-AL& #设置监听地址和端口
)x)gHY8; ,|A{!j` http_port 3128
J, r Xx: Y!F!@`%G udp_incoming_address 0.0.0.0
ZxI]I1) JfSdUWxT ~C0Pu.{o 9Kx<\)-GMD #设置squid用户hot object的物理内存的大小以及设置cache目录
_Cj(fFL M= atls cache_mem 32 MB
x+K gc[r 0juDuE? cache_dir ufs /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
+3)[>{~1Z IEc>.J|T& moaodmt]x V+.Q0$~F5 #访问控制设置
j6HR&vIM dt<~sOT3s acl mynet src 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
v"/TmiZ (m/aV acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
.8:+MW/ wW^Zb http_access allow mynet
oCbpK jx'2N~$ http_access deny all
vcwK6G fQP,= jAZ >mo[ Jl_~_Z #透明代理设置
M}u1qXa ?d~]Wd !z httpd_accel_host virtual
Oi6Eo~\f 5y040
N- httpd_accel_port 80
"1K:/n Hv8H.^D> httpd_accel_with_proxy on
E0<)oQ0Xa> 5N1}Ns httpd_accel_uses_host_header on
S*xhX1yUi BKX9SL] YNk|+A.<d ]Z/R!y?l"G #swap 性能微调
,z G(u 1 _[F@1NJ half_closed_clients off
BJgDo NHAH#7]M&1 cache_swap_high 100%
4#7Umj +aj^Cs1$ cache_swap_low 80%
~#q;bS .&PzkqWZ maximum_object_size 1024 KB
@701S(0'7 pqH4w(; 6rT4iC3Q{ D^|7#b,zcH #控制对象的超时时间
+9C;<f drIK(u\_ refresh_pattern -i .html 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
y?Onb3% B=dseeG[To refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
4w;~4#ZPp #%8 w refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
[@|be.g > H~6NBd5D refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
fhr-Y'
(6clq:c7j refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
OXCQfT@\ lQL:3U0DjU refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
]u0Jd#@ Sr"/- refresh_pattern -i .png 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
<m]wi7 lhxdx refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
!W~<q{VTs bE4HDq34 refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
7wi%j! az2Xch] (完)
H`el#tt_ ^/a*.cu 2yxi= XWZ hDvpOIUL1 需要改的地方是访问控制设置中的子网改成你自己的子网。其他的地方可根据需要调整。不改也可。
gl
"_:atW
w~LU\Ct 如果不使用日志,将日志设置部分改成如下句子:
hy!6g n `< Yf{'* cache_store_log none
yC"Zoa6YZ 8[R1A cache_access_log /dev/null
Y`^o7'Z2^P ^Plc}W7h cache_log /dev/null
v20~^gKo=m LS6ry,D"7 km4g}~N</ 9|3o< 添加squid系统用户和组
_lT0Hu 5~s{N # pw groupadd squid
;"@ :}_t N9`97;.X # pw useradd squid -g squid -s /sbin/nologin
a.,i.2 X" \}sl5 建立cache目录
&I)\*Ue2t '=#5(O%pp # mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
Ux_<d?p G"> 0]LQ 改变cache目录和logs目录的所有者为squid用户和组
a(|xw m^A]+G#/ # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
n$W"=Z;` ev"M;"y # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/cache
g@u;Y5 ]QS](BbD: # chown –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
)!a$#"' 7E\gxQ(vU # chgrp –R squid /usr/local/squid/var/logs
Fr;lG Pgev) rh[ 运行squid –z建立cache目录结构
PCZ]R pL)xqKj # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –z
: I)G v {82rne`[ n^Vxi;F !-RwB@\ 测试squid运行情况
]#5^&w)' oZ-FF' # /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid –NCd1
cAibB&`~ h?A'H RyL~ 出现下面显示证明squid安装成功
A8!Ed$@
0Ve%.k 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Starting Squid Cache version 2.5.STABLE3 for i386-unknown-freebsd4.7...
VF=Z` T<M?PlED 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Process ID 160
,ey0:.!; "*bk{)dz} 2003/06/21 18:01:09| With 957 file descriptors available
R'Eq:Rv~;^ B52H(sm 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Performing DNS Tests...
r`[B@ 3SFg# 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Successful DNS name lookup tests...
LfllO 1I
\tu 2003/06/21 18:01:09| DNS Socket created at 0.0.0.0, port 1029, FD 4
"Y(^F
bs zLK\I~rU! 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Adding nameserver 202.97.224.68 from /etc/resolv.conf
avy=0Jmj Jh^8xI,`C 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Unlinkd pipe opened on FD 9
CpSK(2j ~?-qZ<9/ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Swap maxSize 1048576 KB, estimated 80659 objects
fCr\u6Tb |K)p]i+ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Target number of buckets: 4032
3`ml;
L?D .?Auh2nr 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using 8192 Store buckets
z{' 6f@] 5}7ISNP;f 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Mem size: 32768 KB
(Z
8,e shNE~TA 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Max Swap size: 1048576 KB
wn1,
EhHt NhCAv+ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Store logging disabled
sxk*$jO[] ;le0QA
Pf 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Rebuilding storage in /usr/local/squid/cache (DIRTY)
vS#{-X C
rfRLsN] 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Using Least Load store dir selection
D!/0c]" *7_@7=W, 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Current Directory is /usr/local/squid/etc
>"b[r CdNih8uG 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Loaded Icons.
I5Q~T5Ar DiR'p`b~ 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Accepting HTTP connections at 0.0.0.0, port 3128, FD 8.
4gya] q^%5HeV 2 2003/06/21 18:01:09| WCCP Disabled.
X+%u(>> OiF ]_" 2003/06/21 18:01:09| Ready to serve requests.
POY=zUQ'/ oAaf)?8 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Done scanning /usr/local/squid/cache swaplog (0 entries)
99EX8 5)8. 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Finished rebuilding storage from disk.
ho_4fDv Wkww&Y 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Entries scanned
'(XW$D Q<C@KBiVE 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Invalid entries.
g/!Otgfu c<>y!^g 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 With invalid flags.
TRo4I{L6S Nv{eE<<6 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects loaded.
p[b7E`7 pb6 Q?QG, 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects expired.
M",];h(I6( AsD1-$ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Objects cancelled.
o3fR3P%$ M{G$Pk8[ 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Duplicate URLs purged.
o;%n,S8J|^ VSx%8IM+X 2003/06/21 18:01:16| 0 Swapfile clashes avoided.
5qeT4|
Ol }0vtc[! 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Took 7.3 seconds ( 0.0 objects/sec).
yTP[,bM 1ZKz3)K 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Beginning Validation Procedure
tjt=N\; [O [FCn 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Completed Validation Procedure
'H|;%J6d> $,g 3*A 2003/06/21 18:01:16| Validated 0 Entries
|b,zw^!e[' C CLfvex 2003/06/21 18:01:16| store_swap_size = 0k
j\nE8WH V2lp7" 2003/06/21 18:01:17| storeLateRelease: released 0 object
9&&kgKKGQ Ja^7$WY 否则根据提示检查配制文件。
1k*n1t): O\3r%=TF x_]",2 W' 9UB??049z 为了使squid的透明代理起作用,需要设置端口转发。方法如下:
3zk:59 u!m,ilAnd 编辑/etc/rc.firewall文件,添加下面一句
2LtU;}7s M}R@ K;%
ipfw add 00500 fwd 127.0.0.1,3128 tcp from 192.168.0.0/24 to any 80
;L#LDk{Za 3-4Nad sj#{TTW X}_QZO=z 下面建立squid的启动脚本squid.sh:
#rqyy0k0'h mjWp8i
首先建立/usr/local/etc/rc.d目录
*2w_oKE'+5 |`N$>9qN # mkdir /usr/local/etc
%ZJ),9+ _%AJmt} # mkdir /usr/local/etc/rc.d
eA3`]XP.`b ]C9%]` # cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
cq+nWHqF{J ~gSF@tz@ # vi squid.sh
5<'n DQL06`pX/ 文件内容如下:
R^mu%dw)(% &!H~bzg #!/bin/sh
f\U? :83 >$#*`6R (cPeee%Q xfbK eS8 #if ! PREFIX=$(expr $0 : "\(/.*\)/etc/rc\.d/$(basename $0)\$"); then
V{ 4i$' S,d ngb{ # echo "$0: Cannot determine the PREFIX" >&2
[R@q]S/ ;]l{D} # exit 1
~Q.8 U3" a#OhWqu$ #fi
PV Q#>_~5 iXr`0V (;Dn%kK 5JXzfc9rL case "$1" in
oHc-0$eMKY #XYLVee, start)
`-9*@_-=M $_I%1 if [ -x /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -a -f /usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf ]; then
_{Fdw eEg1- (cd /usr/local/squid/var/logs; /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid >/dev/null 2>&1 &) ; echo -n ' squid'
7 ~% Nd]%ati? fi
vV&AG1_Mv .zSimEOF ;;
R4Gg|Bh N('S2yfDR stop)
ba:mO$ 1o5Y9#7 /usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -k shutdown 2>&1
sg9x?Bx9 TGt1d # Uncomment this if you'd like the system to (attempt to
aQym=
6%e YiQeI|{oN # wait for) squid to shut down cleanly
xTksF?u) AT'_0>x8 #echo "Sleeping for 45 seconds to allow squid to shutdown.."
q!9v}R3( 3 DO$^JJ. #sleep 45
4
L~;>]7 ^%'tD ;;
sgb+@&}9n ;5JIY7t *)
c|;|%"Mk I vl^,{4 echo "Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop}" >&2
:.'T+LI j
O5:{% ;;
p*W ZY=Q a@a1TpLQ esac
{p lmFV >I66R; ]Buk9LTe g$^qQs)^N exit 0
lh(+X-}D Xw}Y!;<IEu (完)
C4SD KHs{/ G4J6 YI\Cs=T/ 这样每次启动后,squid就会自动运行。
5P t} .Zo9^0`C 运行/usr/local/etc/rc.d/squid.sh start 启动squid
4U y>#IL 5SWX v+ 运行/usr/local/etc/rc.d/squid.sh stop 停止squid
ADl>~3b *,*:6^t g2b4 ia!L 0&