在Windows操作系统中,当用户按下"PrintScreen"按钮后,Windows自动将当前屏幕的图像拷贝到系统剪贴板中,这时可以通过"画笔"这个小程序将剪贴板中的内容保存成图像文件,可以看出,如果需要将当前屏幕保存下来还是比较麻烦的,能否可以自己编写一个应用程序,自动将当前屏幕的内容保存到一个图像文件中去呢?这个答案是肯定的,本实例应用程序就是利用通用的热键管理DLL库实现的热键功能,在收到热键通知后截取屏幕的内容并保存到bmp文件中。例如我们设置图片保存路径为c:\,热键为F9 + Control,然后按Change按钮设置好热键,那么当我们按下CTRL+F9后,当前界面将以BMP图像文件的格式被保存在C:\目录下。程序编译运行后的界面效果如图一所示:
M-df Gk
b1;80P/:D 一、实现方法
^4yFLqrC GZ];U]_ 热键管理DLL实际上是一个键盘钩子,由它来监视系统的键盘事件。如果有和程序登记符合的按键组合就通知该程序的窗口。为了应用方便,本实例把它做成了一个标准的管理库来为其它的程序通过热键服务,它有两个输出函数:AddHotkey()和DeleteHotkey(),程序只需要调用这两个函数就可以了,如果编译之后不用改变热键,则只需要AddHotkey就可以了。DLL中的所有的全局变量都放在一个共享段中,定义如下:
daZY;_{"o AT U
2\Y #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
=kvYE,,g_ HHOOK hHook =NULL; //钩子句柄
>p 7e6% UINT nHookCount =0; //挂接的程序数目
RSY{IY static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //热键虚拟键码
cwxO|
.m static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //组合掩码, control=4,alt=2,shift=1
&?<o692 static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window handle associated with hotkey
3RP}lb static int KeyCount =0;
%G$Kahx V> static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl=4 & Alt=2 & Shift=1
vF=d`T< #pragma data_seg()
NY
ZPh%x pFg9-xd% 关于共享段,有几点重要的说明:一是必须在链接选项里指定该段为共享:一种方法是在project->settings->link->object/library中加上/section:shareddata,rws;第二种方法是在def文件的sections里加上一句shareddata read write shared;第三种指定共享段的方法在程序里加上一句#pragma comment(linker,"section:shareddata,rws")。二是所有的变量必须初始化,否则链接程序会把它放到普通数据段。三是如果不初始化变量,需要在段外用"__declspec(allocate("shareddata")) 变量类型 变量名"的方式定义。
Z\y@rp\l eID"&SSU DLL中的两个输出函数分别用来添加/删除热键,函数代码如下:
HBL)_c{/O )nS;]7pB@ BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR
d\V\,%&. cKey,UCHAR cMask)
PU^Z7T); {
BS#@ehdig BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
f,Sybf/uHh for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
KPUc+`cN% if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
&k?Mt#J hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
(6G5UwSt HotKey[index]=cKey;
RCq_FY HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
@"H+QVJ@ bAdded=TRUE;
fmvv
q1G& KeyCount++;
'+|{4-V break;
m(8t |~S }
@fbB3 }
H0s,tTK8 return bAdded;
g!O(@Sqp1 }
m4*Rr //删除热键
E#T-2^nD BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
?zN v7Bj {
(+ 9_nAgZ, BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
HQ+:0"B for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
xS,#TU;)Ol if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
GjA;o3( if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
52>?l C hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
kG+CT HotKey[index]=0;
c|Nv^V*2 HotKeyMask[index]=0;
d3(T=9;f2 bRemoved=TRUE;
-iS\3P. KeyCount--;
u[^(s_
break;
Ajhrsa\~a }
g Bq, So }
8lt P)K4 }
2|#3rF return bRemoved;
+MeEy{; }
pscCXk(|A` 0%+T U4Xx G;MgrA#\ DLL中的钩子函数如下:
Sg0 _ l( hsljJvs LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
}$;T.[ ~ {
fdzD6KZI BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
bI=\n)sEz if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
z1F[okLA {
S~}?6/G. if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// 有键松开
z$`=7 afp switch(wParam)
s&M6DFlA {
HlY4%M5q/ case VK_MENU:
>0 i?} MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
Tfgx>2 break;
}
CJQC case VK_CONTROL:
d"nE+pgE MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
O.1Z3~r-N break;
w-|i8%X case VK_SHIFT:
aIZ@5w"7 MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
|jaUVE_2[ break;
&|26x
> default: //judge the key and send message
^C@uP9g break;
L$@^EENS }
6$b"tdP for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
>wM%|j' if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
SA{A E9y continue;
ZsUxO%jP if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
Cfb/f]*M {
zpIl'/i SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
vBQ5-00YY= bProcessed=TRUE;
2,;+) }
+*d,non6v }
p H?VM&x }
?Gj$$IAe else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //有键按下
3b{8c8N^ switch(wParam)
@=b0>^\m {
As1Er[> case VK_MENU:
#*
S0d1 MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
)AqM?FE4R break;
B.K"1o case VK_CONTROL:
VE6T&fz` MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
yK0Q, break;
#v')iR"
case VK_SHIFT:
{`KgyCW: MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
^Q4w<sX' break;
||}|=Sz default: //judge the key and send message
$ah, $B break;
1?)<*[ }
I1&Z@[ for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
m^O:k"+ ! if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
McxJ C< continue;
hn.9j" if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
AzN.vA)q {
,u{d@U^)3@ SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
bu%@1:l bProcessed=TRUE;
o]}b#U8S }
pt(GpbtWK }
()(@Qcc }
C1|e1 if(!bProcessed){ //一般按键事件,为监视键盘的程序留出余地
Q]w;o&eo for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
fmA&1u/xMs if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
HHCsWe- continue;
Fx0K.Q2Y0 if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
Nt&}T SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
R/b)h P~ //lParam的意义可看MSDN中WM_KEYDOWN部分
vf~q%+UqK }
BYVp~!u }
ZHICpL }
xh@H@Q\ return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
?9v!UT }
y*\ M7}]( h^~eTi;c]Q 抓图程序是一个基于对话框的程序,它在建立对话框的时候调用前面的DLL,登记热键,因此需要将hook.lib添加到工程里,在程序里给出两个DLL函数的定义,也可以写个头文件,再包含进来以下代码:
~0|~Fg L`x:Y>C( BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
Fmt5"3B BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
\@['V rd0BvQ9TK 为了添加应用程序对热键通知事件的响应,程序中用的办法是重载WindowProc()函数,该函数代码如下:
aAu
upPu \?GUGs LRESULT CCaptureDlg::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
T!pWU*aB {
j"_V+)SD if(message==WM_HOTKEY&&lParam==WM_KEYDOWN)
p."pI Bd {
vV#Jl)
A //lParam表示是按下还是松开,如果有多个热键,由wParam来区分
+tdt>)a SaveBmp();
w^p
'D{{ return FALSE;
20zIO.&o }
B HoZ}1_ …… //其它处理及默认处理
"KW\:uc / }
QCa$<~c >efYpd#^ g*-
K!X6l 将屏幕图像保存到BMP文件中的任务是由函数SaveBmp()来完成的,具体实现参见代码部分。另外为了顺利实现屏幕抓图,程序中还实现了"托盘"功能,由于这一部分本书在实例中已经专门介绍过了,所以不再赘述,读者朋友可以参考相关实例。
i <bFF03*S mmTc.xh 最后需要提醒读者朋友们注意的是,源程序的编译与使用时要先编译hook.dll并将其放在系统目录(win2000/NT是system32,98/ME是system),然后编译对话框程序运行即可。
&]pW## TxN#3m?G 二、编程步骤
A:p7\Kp;5} ;TMH.E,h: 1、 启动Visual C++,生成一个DLL项目和一个基于对话框的应用程序项目,并将两个项目分别命名为"Hook"和"Capture";
z6|P]u `8xe2=Ub 2、 在"Hook"项目中导出AddHotkey()、DeleteHotkey()函数;
6rt.ec( eAu3,qoM 3、 在"Capture"项目中按照图一所示设置对话框的界面,具体设置参见代码部分;
rNfua
0}PW?t76 4、 使用Class Wizard在"Capture"项目中添加按钮的鼠标单击消息响应函数,并重载对话框的WindowProc()函数;
=o{zw+|% % ',kYZay 5、 添加代码,编译运行程序。
vj[
.`fY $62ospR^Y 三、程序代码
9j:?s;B GZXUB0W\@) ///////////////////////////////////// Hook.h : main header file for the HOOK DLL
l
K}('7\ #if !defined(AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_)
H `),PY2 #define AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_
+X
cB 5S> #if _MSC_VER > 1000
q^([ & + #pragma once
l]T|QhiVd #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
ZaH<\`=% #ifndef __AFXWIN_H__
' "~|L>F%G #error include 'stdafx.h' before including this file for PCH
hP`3Ao #endif
N:d`L+tcc #include "resource.h" // main symbols
GLnj& Ve class CHookApp : public CWinApp
%OfaBv& {
8$OE<c?#5n public:
2!7wGXm~U CHookApp();
yFl@z // Overrides
]#j]yGV // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
Rw^4S@~T //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CHookApp)
V_Wv(G0-\ public:
`-]*Qb+ virtual BOOL InitInstance();
f@[q# }6 virtual int ExitInstance();
=6ZZ/+6b //}}AFX_VIRTUAL
Ct|iZLh`j //{{AFX_MSG(CHookApp)
Eae]s8ek9 // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
N=zrY`Vd // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
3)atqM)i //}}AFX_MSG
-?2ThvT DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
~-A5h( };
#&1mc_`/ LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
,D+pGxbr
BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
h[ba$S,T BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
z1T.\mzfX BOOL InitHotkey();
BtVuI5*h BOOL UnInit();
5mnIQ~psR #endif
QC \8Zy dL |D //////////////////////////////////////// Hook.cpp : Defines the initialization routines for the DLL.
,K+K`"Oy #include "stdafx.h"
(/v(.t #include "hook.h"
9{'GrL #include <windowsx.h>
-+Kx^V#'R #ifdef _DEBUG
8"N<g'Yl, #define new DEBUG_NEW
"sUL"i #undef THIS_FILE
w%S\)wjS static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
[,8@oM# #endif
a7%5Qg9B; #define MAX_KEY 100
nP0|nPWz# #define CTRLBIT 0x04
9,`WQ+OI #define ALTBIT 0x02
%%G2w63M #define SHIFTBIT 0x01
(O\5gAx #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
zy HHOOK hHook =NULL;
%gkRG66 UINT nHookCount =0;
5^ARC^v static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //hotkey
i`FevAx;[m static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //flag for hotkey, value is VK_CONTRL or VK_NEMU or VK_SHIFT
iNe;h| static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window associated with hotkey
^0pd- n@pn static int KeyCount =0;
?Z.p.v static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl Alt Shift
aVNRhnM #pragma data_seg()
*q=pv8&*s HINSTANCE hins;
">v76%>Z7 void VerifyWindow();
eL0U5># BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CHookApp, CWinApp)
ht(RX //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CHookApp)
=n
cu#T] // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
8l~]}2LAs // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
ltwX- //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
Ha[Bf* END_MESSAGE_MAP()
brl(7_2 r0+lH:G*q CHookApp::CHookApp()
u+&BR1)C {
7!]$XGz[ // TODO: add construction code here,
0x4Xs // Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
]p\7s }
)U`6` &F QpBgG~h" CHookApp theApp;
&;&i#ZO LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
Ew*_@hVC {
Oq7M1|{ BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
V\W?@V9g- if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
x{*g^f {
d/v{I if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// Key up
SGXXv switch(wParam)
Mi%i_T^i {
COH0aNp; case VK_MENU:
@mSdksB/L MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
X#EMmB! break;
ONH!ms(kb case VK_CONTROL:
[ %cW ?@ MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
s{(aW5$!s break;
cV\(Z6u case VK_SHIFT:
3=RV Jb MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
|F=!0Id< break;
9.{u2a\ default: //judge the key and send message
({v$!AAv break;
^
|z|kc }
B5GT^DaT for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
JF!JY( U, if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
yS^";$2Tc continue;
mKugb_d? if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
b|^g51v {
R9A8)dDz SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
]i(tou-[i bProcessed=TRUE;
(dd+wx't }
v8Vw.Ce`f }
N7Kq$G2O }
NoTEbFrV else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //Key down
Se.\wkl#Y switch(wParam)
_PLY<i2vr {
{_&'tXL case VK_MENU:
i ?&t@"' MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
)r3}9J break;
:hJHjh case VK_CONTROL:
=
NHuj. MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
/{>$E>N; break;
IppzQ0'=y1 case VK_SHIFT:
Ls< ";QJc MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
/2N'SOX break;
G0oY`WXOB default: //judge the key and send message
~b}a|K break;
0{^@kxV }
5\gL+qM0 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++)
GqMa|8j {
`%IzW2v6 if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
-^LUa]"E continue;
+;^UxW if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
xP#vAR {
m5m}RWZ# SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
!~Gx@Ro bProcessed=TRUE;
:)o 4fOJ8 }
-sO[,
}
sU! h^N$ }
Rah"La if(!bProcessed){
Cuu yG8 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
3#N'nhUzA if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
1/X@~ continue;
K2$ fKju if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
kW#,o 9f\ SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
XtY!fo* }
1N6.r:wg)% }
+Ysm6n ' }
5pSo`) return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
W!vN(1:( }
wNo2$>* jr[(g:L BOOL InitHotkey()
'D`O4TsP> {
"yaz!?O>
if(hHook!=NULL){
'!eg9}< nHookCount++;
rQmDpoy = return TRUE;
Y-!~x0-H }
|osu4=s| else
XJg8-)T# hHook=SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD,(HOOKPROC)KeyboardProc,hins,0);
j/.$ (E if(hHook!=NULL)
\ #<.&`8B nHookCount++;
EQe !&; return (hHook!=NULL);
\WS2g"( }
}L
mhM BOOL UnInit()
ffoL]u\ {
<A|X4; if(nHookCount>1){
3y^PKIIrt nHookCount--;
%Ms"LoK return TRUE;
X$*MxMNs }
dbn9t7'{ BOOL unhooked = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hHook);
L\0;)eJ#M if(unhooked==TRUE){
LLy w9y1 nHookCount=0;
%+ln_lgD: hHook=NULL;
aa|u*afWQ }
UWU(6J|Fk return unhooked;
] V|hDU=t }
xgDd5`W 5OEo(& BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
<PLQY {
#IJm*_J< BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
44Dytpvg for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
Lk%`hsv if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
CFE ubEb hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
&T.d"i HotKey[index]=cKey;
G47(LE"2b HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
!8g419Yg bAdded=TRUE;
hcn$uyP KeyCount++;
?^Gi;d5 break;
,+w9_Gy2H }
w8=&rzr8 }
Vn&{yCm3 return bAdded;
cp1-eR_& }
/80H.|8O ]MD,{T9l\> BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
@!p bR(8 {
Ibf~gr(j BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
1O#]qZS}] for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
7gWT[ if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
j1zrjhXI if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
(vX)
<Z
! hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
Zv]'9,cbk HotKey[index]=0;
/esdtH$= HotKeyMask[index]=0;
6=cfr; BH2 bRemoved=TRUE;
( p(/ KeyCount--;
yMG(FAyu break;
z*V 8l* }
su$IXI#R-& }
9sP;s^#t7U }
j_I[k8z return bRemoved;
In[rxT~K}Q }
WCNycH+1 zA%YaekJ void VerifyWindow()
mkE_ a> {
sKy3('5; for(int i=0;i<MAX_KEY;i++){
<OH{7>V if(hCallWnd
!=NULL){ WC Tmf8f
if(!IsWindow(hCallWnd)){ e{Q;,jsh
hCallWnd=NULL; ai7R@~O:_k
HotKey=0; "D\>oFu
HotKeyMask=0; --fRh N>
KeyCount--; Bd'X~Vj<
} ?"F9~vx&G
} ol0i^d*9F
} nxWm
} @4t_cxmD
7vo8lnQ{
BOOL CHookApp::InitInstance() {EfA#{x
{ QdIx@[+WOq
AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState()); _sb~eB~<(
hins=AfxGetInstanceHandle(); i:a*6b.U@N
InitHotkey(); -Oi8]Xw^@y
return CWinApp::InitInstance(); @T"-%L8PL
} [psZc'q
dhX$b!DA
int CHookApp::ExitInstance() ^h$^j
{ [vGkr" =
VerifyWindow();
O~Jm<