在Windows操作系统中,当用户按下"PrintScreen"按钮后,Windows自动将当前屏幕的图像拷贝到系统剪贴板中,这时可以通过"画笔"这个小程序将剪贴板中的内容保存成图像文件,可以看出,如果需要将当前屏幕保存下来还是比较麻烦的,能否可以自己编写一个应用程序,自动将当前屏幕的内容保存到一个图像文件中去呢?这个答案是肯定的,本实例应用程序就是利用通用的热键管理DLL库实现的热键功能,在收到热键通知后截取屏幕的内容并保存到bmp文件中。例如我们设置图片保存路径为c:\,热键为F9 + Control,然后按Change按钮设置好热键,那么当我们按下CTRL+F9后,当前界面将以BMP图像文件的格式被保存在C:\目录下。程序编译运行后的界面效果如图一所示:
o{sv<$
= UH3. 一、实现方法
1n8[fgz pX SShU# 热键管理DLL实际上是一个键盘钩子,由它来监视系统的键盘事件。如果有和程序登记符合的按键组合就通知该程序的窗口。为了应用方便,本实例把它做成了一个标准的管理库来为其它的程序通过热键服务,它有两个输出函数:AddHotkey()和DeleteHotkey(),程序只需要调用这两个函数就可以了,如果编译之后不用改变热键,则只需要AddHotkey就可以了。DLL中的所有的全局变量都放在一个共享段中,定义如下:
4=([v;fc Q%JI-&K #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
~Kw#^.$3T HHOOK hHook =NULL; //钩子句柄
~V8z%s@ UINT nHookCount =0; //挂接的程序数目
aZ4EcQ@-$] static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //热键虚拟键码
+)sX8zb*gY static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //组合掩码, control=4,alt=2,shift=1
lA5Dag' static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window handle associated with hotkey
n^4R]9U static int KeyCount =0;
2Cz haO static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl=4 & Alt=2 & Shift=1
(?|M'gZ #pragma data_seg()
p"ytt|H
p0@^1 关于共享段,有几点重要的说明:一是必须在链接选项里指定该段为共享:一种方法是在project->settings->link->object/library中加上/section:shareddata,rws;第二种方法是在def文件的sections里加上一句shareddata read write shared;第三种指定共享段的方法在程序里加上一句#pragma comment(linker,"section:shareddata,rws")。二是所有的变量必须初始化,否则链接程序会把它放到普通数据段。三是如果不初始化变量,需要在段外用"__declspec(allocate("shareddata")) 变量类型 变量名"的方式定义。
GEWjQ;g v745FIy< DLL中的两个输出函数分别用来添加/删除热键,函数代码如下:
{|?^@ '[{<aEo BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR
UucI>E3?P{ cKey,UCHAR cMask)
X/~uF9a'< {
b"h'7 C/ BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
Jbu2y'zE for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
bqcCA91 if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
AEyvljv hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
]u|fLK.| HotKey[index]=cKey;
b5NVQ8Mq HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
8F}drK9>F bAdded=TRUE;
1hG# KeyCount++;
)!"fUz$ break;
+-!E%$ }
YExgUE| }
_?
gCOr return bAdded;
XIdh9)]^} }
qiNVaV\wr| //删除热键
dht0PZdx? BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
Al-`}g+^ {
S[Du
> BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
O(T5 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
U] LDi8 if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
h[mT4e3c if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
'#'noB;,
hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
|\,OlX, HotKey[index]=0;
BO[:=x` HotKeyMask[index]=0;
$'J3
/C7 bRemoved=TRUE;
[;u#79aE KeyCount--;
\vA*dQ- break;
npdljLN }
xa~]t<2 }
'$9o(m# }
y}?|+/ dN return bRemoved;
2d&F<J<sU }
']M/'CcM j6m;03<| \2\{c1df DLL中的钩子函数如下:
1MN! >P/36' LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
~aob@( {
[l23b{ BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
QQ(}71U if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
]S6Gz/4aV+ {
'2(m%X\6 if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// 有键松开
HlGSt$woX switch(wParam)
+,76|oMsQ% {
`b?uQ\#-M case VK_MENU:
4b;Mb MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
ZVjB$-do break;
WXQ@kQD case VK_CONTROL:
X6Ha C+P MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
02-ql
F@i break;
MEDh case VK_SHIFT:
/F0q8j0 MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
PYkhY;* break;
M+/G>U default: //judge the key and send message
Vj*-E break;
^CkMk 1 }
H1bR+2s for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
I3t5S;_8 if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
#D`@G8~( continue;
XM$~HG if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
gmGK3am {
$Z]&3VxxY SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
"=h1gql' bProcessed=TRUE;
`w@:h4f }
/"{d2 }
rAenxZ,tF }
mWp>E`l else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //有键按下
zggnDkC5 switch(wParam)
lTx_E#^s {
^m>4<~/ case VK_MENU:
^6s im 2 MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
c!6D{(sfh break;
Itl8#LpLM case VK_CONTROL:
l1 +l@r\ MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
Uj!3MF break;
o@:"3s case VK_SHIFT:
- x MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
9[0iIT$q$ break;
v] m/$X2 default: //judge the key and send message
NoI|Dz break;
o4Q?K.9c }
{2\Y%Y'}* for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
R<|\Z@z if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
].d2C J' continue;
-C=0Pg]ga if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
q}{E![ZTu {
) c@gRb~ SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
tLE8+[
SU bProcessed=TRUE;
? x)^f+:9| }
! ]4u"e }
zoq;3a5cqB }
E]V,
@ if(!bProcessed){ //一般按键事件,为监视键盘的程序留出余地
(,|,j(=] for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
W`>|OiuF if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
;: ;E|{e continue;
UK =ELvt] if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
,.,8-In^ SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
iJs~NLCgVu //lParam的意义可看MSDN中WM_KEYDOWN部分
{:X'9NEE }
vX+oZj
}
DX_mrG }
i)i>Ulj*i return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
y{<e4{
! }
!<[+u Xoj"rR9| 抓图程序是一个基于对话框的程序,它在建立对话框的时候调用前面的DLL,登记热键,因此需要将hook.lib添加到工程里,在程序里给出两个DLL函数的定义,也可以写个头文件,再包含进来以下代码:
!>`Q]M` mF7Ak&So^ BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
G~9m,l+ BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
]2AOW}= FYAEM!dyy 为了添加应用程序对热键通知事件的响应,程序中用的办法是重载WindowProc()函数,该函数代码如下:
&^=Lr:I s QDgNJbU LRESULT CCaptureDlg::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
'HA{6v,y {
#6 M]tr if(message==WM_HOTKEY&&lParam==WM_KEYDOWN)
Y{Z&W9U {
8v$q+Wic //lParam表示是按下还是松开,如果有多个热键,由wParam来区分
E0Wc8m " SaveBmp();
T7[@ lMa? return FALSE;
O
NabL.CV }
hx$]fvDevD …… //其它处理及默认处理
{cK<iQJ }
u0C:q`;z EC+t-:a] CK_dEh2c 将屏幕图像保存到BMP文件中的任务是由函数SaveBmp()来完成的,具体实现参见代码部分。另外为了顺利实现屏幕抓图,程序中还实现了"托盘"功能,由于这一部分本书在实例中已经专门介绍过了,所以不再赘述,读者朋友可以参考相关实例。
j7I=2xnTWu R7::f\I 最后需要提醒读者朋友们注意的是,源程序的编译与使用时要先编译hook.dll并将其放在系统目录(win2000/NT是system32,98/ME是system),然后编译对话框程序运行即可。
v+ $3 4_#$k{ 二、编程步骤
4I4m4^ 6N/(cUXJ 1、 启动Visual C++,生成一个DLL项目和一个基于对话框的应用程序项目,并将两个项目分别命名为"Hook"和"Capture";
ghQ B =G-OIu+H!U 2、 在"Hook"项目中导出AddHotkey()、DeleteHotkey()函数;
.:S/x{~ "K{_?M`;e 3、 在"Capture"项目中按照图一所示设置对话框的界面,具体设置参见代码部分;
}x'*3zI 6)INr,d 4、 使用Class Wizard在"Capture"项目中添加按钮的鼠标单击消息响应函数,并重载对话框的WindowProc()函数;
YvY|\2^K =z1Lim- 5、 添加代码,编译运行程序。
~
#jQFyOh H%_^Gy8f 三、程序代码
q"d9C)Md 8hGyh# ///////////////////////////////////// Hook.h : main header file for the HOOK DLL
ETDWG_H | #if !defined(AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_)
fNNl1Vls #define AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_
0=ws )@[I #if _MSC_VER > 1000
o;8$#gyNY #pragma once
=s\$i0A2 #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
w{ja*F6 #ifndef __AFXWIN_H__
_){|/Zd #error include 'stdafx.h' before including this file for PCH
g/GI'8EMj #endif
+k`L8@a3& #include "resource.h" // main symbols
KzHN|8$o class CHookApp : public CWinApp
[LVXXjkFI {
|$WHw*F^ public:
9*" CHookApp();
-]3 K#M)s // Overrides
(HNc9QVC'W // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
pqG>|#RG //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CHookApp)
x@#>l8k? public:
?2@^O=I virtual BOOL InitInstance();
jWdviS9&g virtual int ExitInstance();
] \yIHdcDi //}}AFX_VIRTUAL
%\'=Y/yP //{{AFX_MSG(CHookApp)
;c 7I "?@z // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
prJd' // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
ne#dEUD //}}AFX_MSG
'|C%X7 DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
!Dd'*ee-; };
. ,|C>^ LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
HUKrp*Hv BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
!LKxZ" BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
:= V?; BOOL InitHotkey();
k+J3Kl09hM BOOL UnInit();
geQ!}zXWi #endif
l*ltS(? ,TBOEu."4 //////////////////////////////////////// Hook.cpp : Defines the initialization routines for the DLL.
v
:pT(0N #include "stdafx.h"
1}VaBsEV #include "hook.h"
CHnclT #include <windowsx.h>
6wlLE5 #ifdef _DEBUG
&h:4TaD #define new DEBUG_NEW
Bii'^^I;? #undef THIS_FILE
()lgd7|+ static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
hFV,FBsAO #endif
6,t6~Uo/ #define MAX_KEY 100
& SXw=;B #define CTRLBIT 0x04
yP58H{hQM8 #define ALTBIT 0x02
7?dWAUF #define SHIFTBIT 0x01
O-,
"/Z #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
* +
T(i HHOOK hHook =NULL;
! ._q8q\ UINT nHookCount =0;
&}DfIP< static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //hotkey
y##h(y static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //flag for hotkey, value is VK_CONTRL or VK_NEMU or VK_SHIFT
.}__XWK5 static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window associated with hotkey
2ZK]}&yC static int KeyCount =0;
9p_?t'&>q static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl Alt Shift
@a8lF$< #pragma data_seg()
Tm"H9 HINSTANCE hins;
oidZWy void VerifyWindow();
bQ*yXJ^8 BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CHookApp, CWinApp)
4\z@Evm //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CHookApp)
IO)Y0J>x // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
qda 2 // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
ebA:Sq:w //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
dIC\U END_MESSAGE_MAP()
0)&!$@HW x%dny]O1; CHookApp::CHookApp()
VMah3T! {
c7mKE`
// TODO: add construction code here,
0U=wGIO // Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
g*$2qKm }
12`u[O}\}- >axeUd+@i CHookApp theApp;
w$
8r<?^3 LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
cSt)Na~C {
e!VtDJDS BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
<+QdBp'd; if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
GDLw_usV {
xvl$,\iqE if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// Key up
v ,")XPY switch(wParam)
8maWF.xq {
x/,;:S case VK_MENU:
12 p`ZD= MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
9E7 G%- break;
t}+/GSwT case VK_CONTROL:
TpU\IQ MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
tF;0P\i break;
=Jm[1Mgt case VK_SHIFT:
Lx,=Up. MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
>)M{^ break;
Z],j|rWy6 default: //judge the key and send message
;21D ^e break;
ytttF5- }
Odwe1q& for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
+O/b[O'0 if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
2^r~-> continue;
5FOMh"!z\ if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
bZxN]6_ {
o[>d"Kp SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
>oW]3)$4S bProcessed=TRUE;
hYoUZ'4 }
{/QVs?d }
<-I69` }
--$* q"
else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //Key down
%bnXZA2Sx switch(wParam)
svpQ.Q {
H<d~AurX)J case VK_MENU:
7d;|?R-8D MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
HzTmNm) break;
,AnD%#o case VK_CONTROL:
6b|<$Je9 MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
R`(2Fy%0\k break;
9KVJk</:n case VK_SHIFT:
]BO:*&O MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
R U)(|; break;
wn"}<ka default: //judge the key and send message
"B QnP9 break;
nCY kUDnZ }
Ty g>Xv for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++)
<YvXyIs {
E+]}KX: if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
`
-_! %m/ continue;
8w5}9}xF if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
X%yG{\6: {
:[CV_ME.; SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
sF{~7IB bProcessed=TRUE;
RHUZ:r }
k%6CkCw }
:a }](Wn }
T.da!!'B
f if(!bProcessed){
wv9HiHz8gD for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
!v}TRGX if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
8^>qor.]M continue;
/2p*uv}IP if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
) H,Xkex SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
= wz}yfdrC }
g~DuK|+ }
| N/d} }
httywa^ return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
v]k-xn|$j }
s|\)Y*B` %jL^sA2;c+ BOOL InitHotkey()
p}^G#h{ {
DhE-g< if(hHook!=NULL){
b1C)@gl !Z nHookCount++;
[lzd' return TRUE;
,iV%{*p] }
@f-:C+(Nsg else
4p"' ox# hHook=SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD,(HOOKPROC)KeyboardProc,hins,0);
Bve|+c6W if(hHook!=NULL)
iVFOOsJ@ nHookCount++;
Cx TAd[az return (hHook!=NULL);
R,3cJ
Y_% }
1GYZ1iA BOOL UnInit()
Yc7YNC. {
G'JHimP2j if(nHookCount>1){
{w2]
Is2F nHookCount--;
HPphTu}` return TRUE;
|^Iox0A }
WZ' Z"' BOOL unhooked = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hHook);
1Dr&BXvf]8 if(unhooked==TRUE){
7( 84j5zb nHookCount=0;
W\l&wR hHook=NULL;
<{#_;7h" }
QP\9#D~ return unhooked;
gWr7^u&q@| }
'WW:'[Syn' x0# Bc7y BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
0=>$J
WF {
Qj^Uz+b BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
CV0id&Nv for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
Lap?L/NS if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
%Y&48''" hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
M/ 64`lcb HotKey[index]=cKey;
j!4{+&Laq HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
^+yz}YFM bAdded=TRUE;
c5^HGIe1 KeyCount++;
$9G&
wH>{ break;
PMAz[w,R~ }
s[8. l35| }
iM!2m$'s return bAdded;
&qbEF3p^@ }
|S!RQ-CF f\2IKpF2 BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
4kL6aSqT {
'maX BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
9VW/Af for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
,[;O'g?,g if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
`jeATxWv if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
/"e@rnn hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
s*PKr6X+ HotKey[index]=0;
<1*kXTN( HotKeyMask[index]=0;
Tf3CyH!k bRemoved=TRUE;
Pxl, " KeyCount--;
:'T+`( break;
2^B_iyF; }
"AagTFs(i }
=NY;#Jjn }
RiTL(Yx return bRemoved;
K$Bv4_|x }
]he~KO[j< `Wx|
4 void VerifyWindow()
<N)!s&D {
vm! y2 for(int i=0;i<MAX_KEY;i++){
JRB6T _U if(hCallWnd
!=NULL){ UV2W~g
if(!IsWindow(hCallWnd)){ @ZISv'F
hCallWnd=NULL; 1WtE ]
D
HotKey=0; "w?0f["
HotKeyMask=0; tl_3 %$s
KeyCount--; @g#5d|U);
} ejd_ 85$
} $2uC%er"H
} q|ce7HnK
} atZe`0
;n't:yQW
BOOL CHookApp::InitInstance() f9#zV2ke]
{ JL,Y9G*]s
AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState()); b|_e):V|
hins=AfxGetInstanceHandle(); M+:5gMB'
InitHotkey(); ddgDq0N1j
return CWinApp::InitInstance(); !SK`!/7c?
} i`+w.zJOH8
qiet<F
int CHookApp::ExitInstance() 2B4.o*Q\
{ %1
)c{7
VerifyWindow(); dy+A$)gY<
UnInit(); {]6-,/3UR
return CWinApp::ExitInstance(); -Mr_Ao`E
} i@9
qp?eb
45 ^ Z5t
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// CaptureDlg.h : header file gs1yWnSv5
#if !defined(AFX_CAPTUREDLG_H__97B51708_C928_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_) _S) K+C|@
#define AFX_CAPTUREDLG_H__97B51708_C928_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_ frcX'M}%
#if _MSC_VER > 1000 K3mP 6Z#2
#pragma once ! \s}A7
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000 ~B[e*|d
6c!F%xU}
class CCaptureDlg : public CDialog #H7
SLQr\
{ JLm3qIC
// Construction dCo)en
public: U nDCC_ud
BOOL bTray; p
l^;'|=M
BOOL bRegistered; ,6]ID1o:y
BOOL RegisterHotkey(); +Kgl/Wg%
UCHAR cKey; 62ru%<x=
UCHAR cMask; IN/$b^Um
void DeleteIcon(); 4Wgzp51Aq!
void AddIcon(); J%"5?)[z
UINT nCount; ,esEh5=Ir
void SaveBmp(); m%.4OXX"&
CCaptureDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor 80Y%C-Y:
// Dialog Data -n7@r
//{{AFX_DATA(CCaptureDlg) lq.:/_m0
enum { IDD = IDD_CAPTURE_DIALOG }; fDDpR=
CComboBox m_Key; -o~zb-E
BOOL m_bControl; J3y_JoS
BOOL m_bAlt; uNI&U7_"
BOOL m_bShift; oU)(/
CString m_Path; 7l7VT?<:
CString m_Number; _1?u AQ3,
//}}AFX_DATA 29grb P
// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides B=*0
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CCaptureDlg) IiniaVuQ
public: <%.%q
virtual BOOL PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg); te[uAJ1 N
protected: (LsVd2AbR
virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support d_(>:|oh
virtual LRESULT WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam); z$1|D{
//}}AFX_VIRTUAL FV9{u[3m
// Implementation X[Iy6qt
protected: zx<t{e7
HICON m_hIcon; gH7 +#/
// Generated message map functions 8{0XqE~ix=
//{{AFX_MSG(CCaptureDlg) SOG(&)b
virtual BOOL OnInitDialog(); GI{EP&