在Windows操作系统中,当用户按下"PrintScreen"按钮后,Windows自动将当前屏幕的图像拷贝到系统剪贴板中,这时可以通过"画笔"这个小程序将剪贴板中的内容保存成图像文件,可以看出,如果需要将当前屏幕保存下来还是比较麻烦的,能否可以自己编写一个应用程序,自动将当前屏幕的内容保存到一个图像文件中去呢?这个答案是肯定的,本实例应用程序就是利用通用的热键管理DLL库实现的热键功能,在收到热键通知后截取屏幕的内容并保存到bmp文件中。例如我们设置图片保存路径为c:\,热键为F9 + Control,然后按Change按钮设置好热键,那么当我们按下CTRL+F9后,当前界面将以BMP图像文件的格式被保存在C:\目录下。程序编译运行后的界面效果如图一所示:
O_QDjxj^rZ
uFr12ZFgK 一、实现方法
0/HFLz' r1!1u7dr
t 热键管理DLL实际上是一个键盘钩子,由它来监视系统的键盘事件。如果有和程序登记符合的按键组合就通知该程序的窗口。为了应用方便,本实例把它做成了一个标准的管理库来为其它的程序通过热键服务,它有两个输出函数:AddHotkey()和DeleteHotkey(),程序只需要调用这两个函数就可以了,如果编译之后不用改变热键,则只需要AddHotkey就可以了。DLL中的所有的全局变量都放在一个共享段中,定义如下:
]V"P
&;m l7`{ O/hN #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
TdFU, HHOOK hHook =NULL; //钩子句柄
*\ii+f- UINT nHookCount =0; //挂接的程序数目
I`_2Q:r static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //热键虚拟键码
(%_X{R' static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //组合掩码, control=4,alt=2,shift=1
l";Yw]:^ static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window handle associated with hotkey
f' A$':Y static int KeyCount =0;
KL \>-
static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl=4 & Alt=2 & Shift=1
yD"]:ts3 #pragma data_seg()
\$ 9C1@B@ 2 "&GH1 关于共享段,有几点重要的说明:一是必须在链接选项里指定该段为共享:一种方法是在project->settings->link->object/library中加上/section:shareddata,rws;第二种方法是在def文件的sections里加上一句shareddata read write shared;第三种指定共享段的方法在程序里加上一句#pragma comment(linker,"section:shareddata,rws")。二是所有的变量必须初始化,否则链接程序会把它放到普通数据段。三是如果不初始化变量,需要在段外用"__declspec(allocate("shareddata")) 变量类型 变量名"的方式定义。
\,S|>CPQ gvP-doA7W DLL中的两个输出函数分别用来添加/删除热键,函数代码如下:
N~/'EaO =3-=p&* BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR
3IYFvq~ cKey,UCHAR cMask)
nJI2IPZ {
4t*%( BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
gC}}8( k for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
eT
b!xb if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
Pmv@ hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
E&9<JS HotKey[index]=cKey;
nDnJ}`k HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
luP;P& bAdded=TRUE;
.\_):j* KeyCount++;
IiE6i43 break;
XFWpHe_ L }
$;5Q
mKQ' }
[!uzXVS3 return bAdded;
|r~ u7U\ }
B:h<iU:'D //删除热键
|_?e.}K BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
>XtfT' {
oq7G=8gTp BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
C1^%!) for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
<::lfPP if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
>/ay'EyY;> if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
Zn9tG:V hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
;6/WjUDw<| HotKey[index]=0;
m>=DJ{KQ HotKeyMask[index]=0;
SKC;@? bRemoved=TRUE;
J9lZ1,22 KeyCount--;
4iA F<|6s break;
:#:|:q.] }
3\W/VBJJ }
hs7!S+[.$$ }
L{1sYR%s\ return bRemoved;
}y6)d. }
$udhTI#, 44KoOY_ N3"Jo uP DLL中的钩子函数如下:
&
/8Tth86 40?RiwwD LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
0+SDFh {
tWn
dAM(U7 BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
nI6gd%C if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
+q&Hj|;8r {
Q:b0M11QR if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// 有键松开
qfsPX6] switch(wParam)
?/YAB Y}L {
cWAw-E5 case VK_MENU:
%`F;i)Zz MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
F85_Lz4 break;
'=0}2sF> case VK_CONTROL:
C8K2F5c5 MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
_mSefPl break;
ko9}?qs case VK_SHIFT:
"{~5QO MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
CH6 m break;
?xR7Ii3 default: //judge the key and send message
^+x?@$rq break;
^fsMfB }
6*i** for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
G _cJI if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
F*P0=DD continue;
X+!+&RAN* if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
JmCMFqB9 {
DFMpU.BN W SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
uzdPA'u bProcessed=TRUE;
T^ktfgXq }
:)#;0o5 }
g-qXS]y7 }
>NUbk9}J4 else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //有键按下
i}vJI}S.$ switch(wParam)
f\_RW;y|m {
c|/HX%Y
case VK_MENU:
FJeh=\ MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
@jn&Wf? break;
m?kiGC&m case VK_CONTROL:
AM-bs^ MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
uG\~Hxqw7O break;
*I 1 H case VK_SHIFT:
y?OP- 27y MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
\:;MFG' break;
irQ'Rm[ default: //judge the key and send message
JY break;
~/G)z?+E }
`=Ip>7T& for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
)'kpO> _G if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
tLu&3<% continue;
E7$&:xqx if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
[[|#}D:L {
(~DW_+?]' SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
9w-\K] bProcessed=TRUE;
*s4|'KS2o }
2u$-(JfoS }
,)`_?^\$f }
%}@iz(*}> if(!bProcessed){ //一般按键事件,为监视键盘的程序留出余地
=\6)B{#T for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
,'
k?rQ if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
e)uC continue;
M|blg!j; if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
|O(>{GH SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
t9`{^<LH //lParam的意义可看MSDN中WM_KEYDOWN部分
kk78*s {6 }
v +4v }
h,{Q%sqO }
V&f*+!!2 return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
l\Ozy }
egu{}5 G!j 9D 抓图程序是一个基于对话框的程序,它在建立对话框的时候调用前面的DLL,登记热键,因此需要将hook.lib添加到工程里,在程序里给出两个DLL函数的定义,也可以写个头文件,再包含进来以下代码:
r~,y3L6ic /V,xSK9.& BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
_=$~l^Y[ BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
,1ev2T Xz4q^XJ 为了添加应用程序对热键通知事件的响应,程序中用的办法是重载WindowProc()函数,该函数代码如下:
8Qg{@#Wr .{ v$;g LRESULT CCaptureDlg::WindowProc(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
SXw r$)4_ {
+JErc)% if(message==WM_HOTKEY&&lParam==WM_KEYDOWN)
=7V4{|ESfy {
r(r(&NU //lParam表示是按下还是松开,如果有多个热键,由wParam来区分
7 z SaveBmp();
8C{&i5kj\E return FALSE;
5qrD~D' }
|:S6Gp[\O …… //其它处理及默认处理
2}&ERW }
IRbyW?/Xv GDLi?3q Gj?Zbl < 将屏幕图像保存到BMP文件中的任务是由函数SaveBmp()来完成的,具体实现参见代码部分。另外为了顺利实现屏幕抓图,程序中还实现了"托盘"功能,由于这一部分本书在实例中已经专门介绍过了,所以不再赘述,读者朋友可以参考相关实例。
=n,;S W R%.`h 最后需要提醒读者朋友们注意的是,源程序的编译与使用时要先编译hook.dll并将其放在系统目录(win2000/NT是system32,98/ME是system),然后编译对话框程序运行即可。
{($bzT7c {L;sF=d 二、编程步骤
%*
0GEfl/ v\@qMaPY 1、 启动Visual C++,生成一个DLL项目和一个基于对话框的应用程序项目,并将两个项目分别命名为"Hook"和"Capture";
F>\,`wP fAJyD`]Z 2、 在"Hook"项目中导出AddHotkey()、DeleteHotkey()函数;
a{ST4d'T (}b~}X9 3、 在"Capture"项目中按照图一所示设置对话框的界面,具体设置参见代码部分;
_&l8^MD 2 `AdNt, 4、 使用Class Wizard在"Capture"项目中添加按钮的鼠标单击消息响应函数,并重载对话框的WindowProc()函数;
[WDzaRzd =%|`gZ 5、 添加代码,编译运行程序。
2_pF#M9 a*(Zb|g 三、程序代码
S#GxKMO% :lai0>
D ///////////////////////////////////// Hook.h : main header file for the HOOK DLL
2E40& #if !defined(AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_)
p8,=K< #define AFX_HOOK_H__AEBFF705_C93A_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_
>7BP}5`.; #if _MSC_VER > 1000
30HUY?'K #pragma once
e]1=&:eX#d #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
Owf!dMA;nF #ifndef __AFXWIN_H__
W|2^yO,dX #error include 'stdafx.h' before including this file for PCH
\oPe"k= #endif
_4>DuklH, #include "resource.h" // main symbols
w"0$cL3 class CHookApp : public CWinApp
br=e+]C Y) {
!sX$?P%U public:
a[hF2/* CHookApp();
w9Yx2 // Overrides
uUfw"*D // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
Ij(dgY //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CHookApp)
XEiVs\) G public:
&m--} virtual BOOL InitInstance();
5x@ U< virtual int ExitInstance();
3}}/,pGSc //}}AFX_VIRTUAL
eY3:Nl^ //{{AFX_MSG(CHookApp)
]L~z9) // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
IX+Jf? &^ // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
nC3+Zka //}}AFX_MSG
jN+`V)p DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
).kU7;0 };
{APfSD_4 LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
O
?T~>| BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall AddHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
Gxd/t#; BOOL __declspec(dllexport)__stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND,UCHAR key,UCHAR mask);
/6rjGc BOOL InitHotkey();
XI`_PQco BOOL UnInit();
a >fA-@ #endif
.45wwouZkc 9,fV //////////////////////////////////////// Hook.cpp : Defines the initialization routines for the DLL.
Mzg'$]N #include "stdafx.h"
S+06pj4Ie #include "hook.h"
|6d:k~p #include <windowsx.h>
@zS/J,:v} #ifdef _DEBUG
W\[E #define new DEBUG_NEW
P{dR
pH| #undef THIS_FILE
&3/`cl[+ static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
<uIPv
Zsx #endif
v
Z10Rb8 #define MAX_KEY 100
Fe[6Y<x+: #define CTRLBIT 0x04
sA6Hk B. #define ALTBIT 0x02
?e-rwaW #define SHIFTBIT 0x01
SsX$l<t* #pragma data_seg("shareddata")
_,^f,WO~ HHOOK hHook =NULL;
5tv*uz|fv UINT nHookCount =0;
GYw/KT~$ static UCHAR HotKey[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //hotkey
u|23M, static UCHAR HotKeyMask[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //flag for hotkey, value is VK_CONTRL or VK_NEMU or VK_SHIFT
8!v|`Ky static HWND hCallWnd[MAX_KEY] = {0}; //window associated with hotkey
`x=kb; static int KeyCount =0;
DQhHU1 static UCHAR MaskBits =0; //00000 Ctrl Alt Shift
n^QDMyC;I #pragma data_seg()
m@nGXl'! HINSTANCE hins;
fyUW;dj void VerifyWindow();
qF3S\
C BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CHookApp, CWinApp)
gS(JgN //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CHookApp)
_$*-?*V& // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
'tTlBf7# // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
Db2#QQ //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
?Ho$fGz END_MESSAGE_MAP()
fXevr ` h`fZ8|yw CHookApp::CHookApp()
RCqL~7C+ k {
3Dc^lfn // TODO: add construction code here,
~@@t-QY // Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
F@/syX;bb5 }
TJ>YJD kk126?V]_ CHookApp theApp;
e77s?WxbK LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode,WPARAM wParam,LPARAM lParam)
W9cvxsox {
Nj6Np^@sH BOOL bProcessed=FALSE;
p,WBF if(HC_ACTION==nCode)
Rt%Dps% {
f~d=1 if((lParam&0xc0000000)==0xc0000000){// Key up
_BG`!3U+ switch(wParam)
)FB<gCh7X {
y~_x case VK_MENU:
>ptI!\i} MaskBits&=~ALTBIT;
Q
m9b:U~ break;
xG~-. case VK_CONTROL:
DvEII'-h MaskBits&=~CTRLBIT;
Wm8BhO break;
3sBWtz case VK_SHIFT:
q&ed4{H< MaskBits&=~SHIFTBIT;
EHe-wC break;
fR.raI4et default: //judge the key and send message
nb5%a break;
rGH7S!\AM }
3I?yRE for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
!4F@ !.GG! if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
Z[+Qf3j}o6 continue;
,[m4+6G5 if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
-GgV&%'a {
oi3Ix7 SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYUP);
pfim*\' bProcessed=TRUE;
dkEnc }
]H:K$nmX }
i\36 s$\ }
YVHDk7s else if((lParam&0xc000ffff)==1){ //Key down
xT9+l1_ switch(wParam)
[t^%d9@t {
n=fR%<v case VK_MENU:
}xrrHp MaskBits|=ALTBIT;
k!@/|]3z break;
g2
V $ case VK_CONTROL:
:Z
]E:f0P MaskBits|=CTRLBIT;
HV3wU EI3 break;
%4To@#c case VK_SHIFT:
0@f7`D MaskBits|=SHIFTBIT;
,Ur~DXY break;
{iq{<;)U?U default: //judge the key and send message
HSl$ U0 break;
]*S_fme }
uuhvd h= for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++)
8DrKq]& {
(aCl*vV1 if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
Hi{!<e2 continue;
nfvs"B; if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==wParam)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==MaskBits))
Z.LF5ur {
S67T:ARS SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,wParam,WM_KEYDOWN);
FH H2 bProcessed=TRUE;
= &aD!nTx }
.+AO3~Dg }
ldoN!J }
:kI
x?cc if(!bProcessed){
.uagD[${ for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
}Lwj~{ if(hCallWnd[index]==NULL)
**YNR:#Y continue;
c9E9Rx if(IsWindow(hCallWnd[index])&&(HotKey[index]==0)&&(HotKeyMask[index]==0))
@p2dXJeR< SendMessage(hCallWnd[index],WM_HOTKEY,WM_HOTKEY,lParam);
=09j1:''<d }
*DoEDw }
7e#|=e
*I! }
{_MU0=7c\ return CallNextHookEx( hHook, nCode, wParam, lParam );
zT+yZA.L }
cfe[6N skP_us~ BOOL InitHotkey()
1J*wW# e {
+XRv
iHA` if(hHook!=NULL){
Zk;;~ESOU nHookCount++;
kk5i{.?[ return TRUE;
1}q[8q }
vrW9<{ else
k0D&F;a% hHook=SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD,(HOOKPROC)KeyboardProc,hins,0);
dl$l5z\ if(hHook!=NULL)
_5YL !v& nHookCount++;
R QO{fC return (hHook!=NULL);
O,1u\Zy/ }
VZlvmN BOOL UnInit()
SS~Txt75m {
yxQAO_C if(nHookCount>1){
=v5(*$"pd" nHookCount--;
^lMnwqx< return TRUE;
s*#|EdD6@ }
IA!ixabG BOOL unhooked = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hHook);
!`#9#T| if(unhooked==TRUE){
J2[QHr&tn nHookCount=0;
qP<,"9!I hHook=NULL;
\T]"pE+8l }
UZX)1?U return unhooked;
Z/RUrYeb }
Tx_(^K ]R>k0X.V BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall AddHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
b~1p.J4 {
IKr7"` BOOL bAdded=FALSE;
!<6wrOMa O for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
+m7x>ie) if(hCallWnd[index]==0){
".i{WyTt hCallWnd[index]=hWnd;
$xZk{ rK HotKey[index]=cKey;
f"0H9 HotKeyMask[index]=cMask;
Y@\5gZ&T bAdded=TRUE;
=,]J"n8|v KeyCount++;
h5l
Lb+ break;
Gf]s?J^a }
Pd;ClMa% }
EIEq[`h return bAdded;
E;d 5$ }
CC-:dNb z|?R=;,u` BOOL __declspec(dllexport) __stdcall DeleteHotkey(HWND hWnd,UCHAR cKey,UCHAR cMask)
Po4cbFZ {
|8`;55G BOOL bRemoved=FALSE;
TgB;R5 for(int index=0;index<MAX_KEY;index++){
PrKlwhi# if(hCallWnd[index]==hWnd){
QF;<%QF: if(HotKey[index]==cKey&&HotKeyMask[index]==cMask){
NU(/Yit hCallWnd[index]=NULL;
h{xERIV1u HotKey[index]=0;
?-84_i HotKeyMask[index]=0;
ipp_?5TL bRemoved=TRUE;
KE3
/<0Z KeyCount--;
1=a}{)0h break;
^[Er%yr0 }
k"7eHSy, }
4vQHr!$Ep }
Y)*lw return bRemoved;
|O9=C`G_ }
#
|I@`#O +r!h* 4 void VerifyWindow()
?W|IC8~d') {
MH Yf8HN for(int i=0;i<MAX_KEY;i++){
=GVhAzD3 if(hCallWnd
!=NULL){ $B?7u@>,
if(!IsWindow(hCallWnd)){ D5m\u$~V
hCallWnd=NULL; VfcQibm
HotKey=0; lmcDA,7
HotKeyMask=0; ck~xj0
KeyCount--; c-=0l)&'D=
} ^Q,/C8qeb
} ~+C#c,Nw
} uRy6~'
} L K~,
&P3vcB
BOOL CHookApp::InitInstance() LI<5;oE;
{ ;MJ1Q
AFX_MANAGE_STATE(AfxGetStaticModuleState()); JAz;_wS(k
hins=AfxGetInstanceHandle(); 5l}h8So4
InitHotkey(); *n'xS L
return CWinApp::InitInstance(); g\)z!DQ]
} R,bcE4WR"
7:<Ed"rdE
int CHookApp::ExitInstance() _D4}[`
{ S%fBt?-Cm
VerifyWindow(); 7dJaWD:&
UnInit(); B~#@fIL
return CWinApp::ExitInstance(); y)E2=JQA/
} ) :@%xoF5
:GYv9OG
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// CaptureDlg.h : header file s-V$N
#if !defined(AFX_CAPTUREDLG_H__97B51708_C928_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_) ,AM-cwwT:u
#define AFX_CAPTUREDLG_H__97B51708_C928_11D5_B7D6_0080C82BE86B__INCLUDED_ eFI4(Y
#if _MSC_VER > 1000 P.B'Gh#^
#pragma once ]c2| m}I{:
#endif // _MSC_VER > 1000 OJ 5 !+#>
mD)O\.uA
class CCaptureDlg : public CDialog ix+x-G
{ i|^6s87"N2
// Construction *~uuCLv_
public: { bn#:75r
BOOL bTray; !?*!"S-Sl
BOOL bRegistered; Y%l3SB,5L
BOOL RegisterHotkey(); ~Wm}M
UCHAR cKey; 5,ahKB8
UCHAR cMask; $SVGpEw
void DeleteIcon(); )+,jal^7
void AddIcon(); 9`{2 h$U
UINT nCount; Rk[ * p
void SaveBmp(); 9Ol_z\5
CCaptureDlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor CM1a<bV<
// Dialog Data `=DCX%Vw
//{{AFX_DATA(CCaptureDlg) 8|NJ(D-$
enum { IDD = IDD_CAPTURE_DIALOG }; "%t`I)
CComboBox m_Key; r_E)HL/A
BOOL m_bControl; Q$L(fHkw
BOOL m_bAlt; 8Jj0-4]
BOOL m_bShift; 3]es$ Jy
CString m_Path; ]?`p_G3O
CString m_Number; x 4</\o
//}}AFX_DATA F5MPy[
// ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides 34kd|!e,
//{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CCaptureDlg) [B @j@&
public: ug"<\"
virtual BOOL PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg); H;|:r[d!
protected: )N6[rw<